Novel halogen-substituted compounds

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I), 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which the radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , Lm, Q, R 1 , T and U have the meaning given in the description and to the use of the compounds for controlling animal pests. In addition, the invention relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of the compounds according to formula (I).

The present application relates to novel halogen-substituted compounds,to processes for their preparation and to their use for controllinganimal pests, especially arthropods and in particular insects, arachnidsand nematodes.

It is known that certain halogen-substituted compounds are herbicidallyeffective (cf. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62(17), 5908-5919, J. Heterocycl.Chem. 1998, 35(6), 1493-1499, WO 2004/035545, WO 2004/106324, US2006/069132, WO 2008/029084).

In addition, it is known that certain halogen-substituted compounds havecytokine-inhibitory activities (WO 00/07980).

However, nothing is known about the use of such halogen-substitutedcompounds for controlling animal pests, in particular as crop protectioncompositions.

Modern crop protection compositions have to satisfy many requirements,for example with regard to level, duration and scope of their effect andpossible use. Questions of toxicity, of combinability with other activeingredients or formulation auxiliaries play a role, as does the questionof complexity which is required for the synthesis of an activeingredient. Furthermore, resistances may occur. For all of thesereasons, the search for novel crop protection compositions can never beconsidered complete and there is a continuing need for novel compoundswith improved properties compared with the known compounds at least withregard to individual aspects.

It was an object of the present invention to provide compounds throughwhich the spectrum of the pest control compositions is broadened fromvarious aspects.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that certain halogen-substitutedcompounds, and their N-oxides and salts, have biological properties andare particularly suitable for controlling animal pests, and cantherefore be used particularly well in the agrochemical sector and inthe field of animal health.

This invention provides the use of the described compounds forcontrolling animal pests in agriculture and in animal health. Inaddition, this invention also provides novel compounds which have theuses described above and also processes for their preparation.

The halogen-substituted compounds according to the invention are definedby the formula (I)

in which

-   R¹ is hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,    C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    the chemical group-   A₁ is CR² or nitrogen,-   A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen,-   A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen, and-   A₄ is CR⁵ or nitrogen,    where, however, not more than three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄    are nitrogen at the same time;-   R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵, independently of one another, are hydrogen,    halogen, CN, NO₂, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di-C₂-C₆-alkylamino, N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl,    N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl or C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl;    -   if none of the groups A₂ and A₃ is nitrogen, R³ and R⁴, together        with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a 5- or        6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or        0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, or    -   if none of the groups A₁ and A₂ is nitrogen, R² and R³, together        with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a        6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms;-   U is a group C(═W), SO or SO₂,    where-   W is oxygen or sulphur;-   L is a bivalent chemical group which is selected from the groups    —NHC(═W)—, —NR⁶C(═W)—, —CH₂NHC(═W)—, —CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—, —C(═W)NH—,    —C(═W)NR⁶, —C(═W)NHCH₂—, —C(═W)NR⁶CH₂—, —CH═N—OCH₂C(═W)NH—,    —CH═N—OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NH—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NR⁶—, —NH(C═W)NH—,    —NH(═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—, —NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—,    —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—,    —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, —Si—, —O—,    —S(O)_(p)—, and —CH₂—S(O)_(p)—, —SO(═N—CN)— and —S(═N—CN)—,    —C(═W)NHSO₂—, where-   p can assume the values 0, 1 or 2;-   R⁶ is hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,    C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloallyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and    C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   m can assume the values 0 or 1;-   Q is hydrogen or one of the optionally substituted groups    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy,    C₁-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyde, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, is formyl, hydroxy, halogen, cyano,    aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl or a group OR⁷, NR⁶R⁸;-   R⁷ is selected from the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R⁸ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally R⁹-substituted groups    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R⁹ is selected from hydrogen or the groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkyleycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl optionally    substituted by R¹⁰;-   R¹⁰ is selected from halogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN,    —NO₂;-   T is an optionally Z-polysubstituted saturated or unsaturated 5- or    6-membered ring, or is an optionally Z-polysubstituted 5- or    6-membered heterocyclic ring;-   Z is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl, C₁-C₄-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,    C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino, —CN, —NO₂, —C(═W)NR¹¹R⁵, —C(═W)OR¹²,    —S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —S(O)_(p)R¹⁵, —S(O)(═NR¹⁶)R¹⁷ and optionally    R¹⁸-substituted phenyl and pyridinyl;-   R¹¹ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl and C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   R¹² is selected from hydrogen or the optionally R⁶-substituted group    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl,    C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,    C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl and C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   R¹⁴ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally R¹⁹-substituted    groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹⁵ is selected from the optionally R²⁰-substituted groups    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl;-   R¹⁶ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl    and C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   R¹⁷ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally R²⁰-substituted    groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹⁸ is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂,    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl and N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl;-   R¹⁹ is selected from hydrogen or the optionally R²¹-substituted    groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN, —NO₂ and optionally R²⁰-substituted    phenyl or pyridyl;-   R²⁰ is selected from halogen, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl,    or optionally R²²-substituted phenyl or pyridyl;-   R²¹ is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂ or the    optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, and N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl,    where-   R²² is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂,    —CH═N—O—CH₃, —C(CH₃)═N—O—CH₃, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl, C₂-C₃-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaiminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alicylaminocarbonyl; or-   L, Q and R⁴, together with the carbon atoms to which they are    bonded, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring which    optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1 oxygen    atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.

Preference is given to compounds of the formula (I)

in which

-   R¹ is hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl;-   A₁ is CR² or nitrogen,-   A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen,-   A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen, and-   A₄ is CR⁵ or nitrogen,    where, however, at most three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄ are    nitrogen at the same time, and where-   R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵, independently of one another, are hydrogen,    halogen, CN, NO₂, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₂-C₆)-alkylamino, N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl,    N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl or C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    if none of the groups A₂ and A₃ is nitrogen, R³ and R⁴, together    with the carbon to which they are bonded, can form a 5- or    6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or    1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, or    if none of the groups A₁ and A₂ is nitrogen, R² and R³, together    with the carbon to which they are bonded, can form a 6-membered ring    which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms;-   U is a group C(═W), SO or SO₂;-   W is oxygen or sulphur;-   L is a bivalent chemical group which is selected from the groups    —NHC(═W)—, —NR⁶C(═W)—, —CH₂NHC(═W)—, —CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—, —C(═W)NH,    —C(═W)NR⁶, —C(═W)NHCH₂—, —C(═W)NR⁶CH₂—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NH—,    —CH₂NHC(═W)NR⁶—, —NH(C═W)NH—, —NH(═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—,    —NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—,    —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—,    —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(C₂)₃—, —Si—, —O—, —S(O)_(p)—, and —CH₂—S(O)_(p)—,    —SO(═N—CN)— and —S(═N—CN)—, —C(═W)NHSO₂—;-   p can assume the values 0, 1 or 2;-   R⁶ is hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,    C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and    C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   m can assume the values 0 or 1;-   Q is hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl,    C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyd,    C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, is    formyl, hydroxy, halogen, cyano, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl or is a group OR⁷, NR⁶R⁸;-   R⁷ is selected from optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R⁸ is selected from hydrogen or optionally R⁹-substituted    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R⁹ is selected from hydrogen or optionally R¹⁰-substituted    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹⁰ is selected from halogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN,    —NO₂;    the chemical group T is one of the radicals (T-1) to (T-90), shown    below, which may be optionally Z-polysubstituted:

where

-   G is oxygen, sulphur or Z-substituted nitrogen,-   n can assume values from 0 to 4,-   Z is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro or the optionally substituted    groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl, C₁-C₄-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,    C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, —CN, —NO₂, —S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —S(O)_(p)R¹⁵,    —S(O)(═NR¹⁶)R¹⁷ or optionally is R¹⁸-substituted phenyl or    pyridinyl;-   R¹³ is selected from hydrogen or one of the optionally substituted    groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,    C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl and C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   R¹⁴ is selected from hydrogen or one of the optionally    R¹⁹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,    C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹⁵ is selected from optionally R²⁰-substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl;-   R¹⁶ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl    and C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   R¹⁷ is selected from hydrogen, optionally R²⁰-substituted    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   R¹⁸ is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂,    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl and N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl;-   R¹⁹ is selected from hydrogen, optionally R²¹-substituted    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN, —NO₂, optionally R¹⁹— substituted phenyl    or pyridyl;-   R²⁰ is selected from halogen, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl,    or optionally R²²-substituted phenyl or pyridyl;-   R²¹ is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂, or    optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,    C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, and N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl;-   R²² is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN—NO₂,    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,    C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl.

In addition

-   L, Q and R⁴, together with the carbon atoms to which they are    bonded, can form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring    which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1    oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.

Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I)

in which

-   R¹ is hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl;-   A₁ is CR² or nitrogen,-   A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen,-   A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen and-   A₄ is CR⁵ or nitrogen, where, however, at most three of the chemical    groups A₁ to A₄ are nitrogen at the same time, and where-   R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵, independently of one another, are hydrogen,    halogen, CN, NO₂, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl,    C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl,    N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl,    if none of the groups A₂ and A₃ is nitrogen, R³ and R⁴, together    with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a 5- or    6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or    1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, or    if none of the groups A₁ and A₂ is nitrogen, R² and R³, together    with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a 6-membered    ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms;-   U is C(═W), SO or SO₂;-   W is oxygen or sulphur;-   L is a bivalent chemical group which is selected from the groups    —CH₂NHC(═W)—, —CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—, —C(═W)NH, —C(═W)NR⁶, —NH(C═W)NH—,    —NH(C═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—, —NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—,    —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—,    —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—, —O—, —S(O)—, and —CH₂—S(O)_(p)—, —SO(N—CN)— and    —S(═N—CN)—, —C(═W)NHSO₂—, where-   p can assume the values 0, 1 or 2 and-   R⁶ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,    heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl;-   m can assume the values 0 or 1;-   Q is hydrogen or the optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,    C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl,    C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl,    C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyde,    C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, cyano,    aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, or is a group NR⁶R⁸,    where-   R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,    C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl and    C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl;-   T is one of the optionally Z-mono- or -polysubstituted heterocycles    (T-5), (T-7), (T-9), (T-10), (T-12), (T-13), (T-15), (T-16), (T-19),    (T-20), (T-23), (T-26), (T-28), (T-29), (T-34), (T-35), (T-36),    (T-30), (T-33), (T-37), (T-46), (T-51), (T-52), (T-53), where-   n can assume values from 0 to 4 and-   Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro or the    optionally substituted groups C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl,    C₁-C₄-alkynyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl,    C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy,    C₁-C₄-alkylthio, C₁-C₄-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphonyl,    C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino, and optionally    R¹⁸-substituted phenyl and pyridinyl;-   R¹⁸ is selected from halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂,    C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy,    C₁-C₄-alkylthio, C₁-C₄-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphinyl,    C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphonyl,    C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylamino,    N,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,    C₁-C₄-alkylaminocarbonyl and N,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl.

In addition,

-   L, Q and R⁴, together with the carbon atoms to which they are    bonded, can form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring    which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1    oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.

Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I)

in which

-   R¹ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,    2-butynyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methoxymethyl,    ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl,    n-propylcarbonyl, allyl, propargyl, isopropylcarbonyl,    sec-butylcarbonyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl,    ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl,    sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl;-   A₁ is CR² or nitrogen,-   A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen,-   A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen and-   A₄ is CR⁵ or nitrogen, where, however, at most three of the chemical    groups A₁ to A₄ are nitrogen at the same time, and where-   R² and R⁵, independently of one another, are hydrogen, methyl,    fluorine and chlorine and-   R³ and R⁴, independently of one another, are hydrogen, fluorine,    chlorine, bromine, CN, NO₂, methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl,    difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy,    ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy,    chlorodifluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy,    2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy,    pentafluoroethoxy, methylsulphonyl, methylsulphinyl,    trifluoromethylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphinyl and    N-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl; where-   U is C(═W), SO₂,-   W is oxygen,-   L is a bivalent chemical group which is selected from the groups    —C(═O)NH, —C(═O)NR⁶, —C(═O)O—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)—,    —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NR⁶—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NHC(═O)NH—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NH—,    —C(═W)NHSO₂—, where-   R⁶ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,    isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl,    propoxymethyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl,    isopropylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, tert-butylcarbonyl,    methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl,    isopropoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl,    cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl;-   m assumes the value 1;-   Q is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl,    1,1-dimethylethyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl,    hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl,    2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,    1-trifluoromethylethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl,    2,2-dimethyl-3-fluoropropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,    cyclohexyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, bis(cyclopropyl)methyl,    2,2-dimethylcyclopropylmethyl, 2-phenylcyclopropyl,    2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl, trans-2-chlorocyclopropyl,    cis-2-chlorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl,    trans-2-fluorocyclopropyl, cis-2-fluorocyclopropyl,    trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, prop-2-enyl,    2-methylprop-2-enyl, prop-2-ynyl, 1,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl,    3-chloroprop-2-enyl, 3,3-dichloro-1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl,    oxetan-3-yl, isoxazol-3-ylmethyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethyl,    3-methyloxetan-3-ylmethyl, benzyl, 2,6-difluorophenylmethyl,    3-fluorophenylmethyl, 2-fluorophenylmethyl,    2,5-difluorophenylmethyl, 1-phenyl ethyl, 4-chlorophenylethyl,    2-trifluoromethylphenylethyl, 1-pyridin-2-ylethyl,    pyridin-2-ylmethyl, 5-fluoropyridin-2-ylmethyl, methoxy,    2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methylsulphanyl)ethyl,    1-methyl-2-(ethylsulphanyl)ethyl, methoxycarbonyl,    methoxycarbonylmethyl, NH₂, N-ethylamino, N-allylamino,    N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino; or-   Q is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl,    1,1-dimethylethyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl,    hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl,    2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,    1-trifluoromethylethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl,    2,2-dimethyl-3-fluoropropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,    cyclohexyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, bis(cyclopropyl)methyl,    2,2-dimethylcyclopropylmethyl, 2-phenylcyclopropyl,    2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl, trans-2-chlorocyclopropyl,    cis-2-chlorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl,    trans-2-fluorocyclopropyl, cis-2-fluorocyclopropyl,    trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, prop-2-enyl,    2-methylprop-2-enyl, prop-2-ynyl, 1,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl,    3-chloroprop-2-enyl, 3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyl,    3,3-dichloro-1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl, oxetan-3-yl,    isoxazol-3-ylmethyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethyl,    3-methyloxetan-3-ylmethyl, benzyl, 2,6-difluorophenylmethyl,    3-fluorophenylmethyl, 2-fluorophenylmethyl,    2,5-difluorophenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 4-chlorophenylethyl,    2-trifluoromethylphenylethyl, 1-pyridin-2-ylethyl,    pyridin-2-ylmethyl, 5-fluoropyridin-2-ylmethyl,    pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl, methoxy, 2-ethoxyethyl,    2-(methylsulphanyl)ethyl, 1-methyl-2-(ethylsulphanypethyl,    2-methyl-1-(methylsulphanyl)propan-2-yl, methoxycarbonyl,    methoxycarbonylmethyl, NH₂, N-ethylamino, N-allylamino,    N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino;-   T is one of the optionally Z-polysubstituted heterocycles (T-12),    (T-13), (T-15), (T-16), (T-19), (T-20), (T-23), (T-26), (T-30),    (T-33), (T-37), (T-46), (T-51), (T-52), (T-53); where-   n can assume values from 0 to 3 and-   Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, methyl,    ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,    tert-butyl, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl,    1-butynyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl,    dichlorofluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl,    1-fluoroethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, 2-fluoroethyl,    2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl,    1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl,    2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl,    pentafluoro-tert-butyl, heptafluoro-n-propyl, heptafluoroisopropyl,    nonafluoro-n-butyl,    trifluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxydifluoromethyl,    trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulphinyl,    trifluoromethylsulphonyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,    trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,    2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1-trifluoromethylethoxy,    3,3,3,2,2-pentafluoropropoxy, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorphenyl,    4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,    2,2-difluoro-1-methylcyclopropyl; or-   Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, methyl,    ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,    tert-butyl, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl,    1-butynyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl,    dichlorofluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl,    1-fluoroethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, 2-fluoroethyl,    2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl,    1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl,    2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl,    pentafluoro-tert-butyl, heptafluoro-n-propyl, heptafluoroisopropyl,    nonafluoro-n-butyl,    trifluromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy-difluoromethyl,    trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethyl sulphinyl,    trifluoromethylsulphonyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,    trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,    2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1-trifluoromethylethoxy,    3,3,3,2,2-pentafluoropropoxy, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,    4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,    2,2-difluoro-1-methylcyclopropyl, phenyl, methoxymethyl,    cyclopropyl(fluoro)methyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl,    4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl,    3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl,    (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)oxy.

In addition,

-   L, Q and R⁴, together with the carbon atoms to which they are    bonded, can form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring    which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1    oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.

According to the invention “alkyl”—on its own or as part of a chemicalgroup—is straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons, preferably having 1 to6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl,1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl,1,1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl,1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl,1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,4-dimethylbutyl,2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl,3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl,1-ethylbutyl and 2-ethylbutyl. Is also preferably alkyls having 1 to 4carbon atoms such as, inter alia, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl. The alkyls according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “alkenyl”—on its own or as part of achemical group—is straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons, preferablyhaving 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one double bond, such as, forexample, vinyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl,2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl,1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl,1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl,2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl,2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl,3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl,2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl,1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl,1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl,2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl,1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl,1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl and1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl. Is also preferably alkenyls having 2 to 4carbon atoms, such as, inter alia, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl or1-methyl-2-propenyl. The alkenyls according to the invention can besubstituted by one or more identical or different radicals.

According to the invention, “alkynyl”—on its own or as part of achemical group—is straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons, preferablyhaving 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond, such as, forexample, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl,2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl,2-methyl-3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl,1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 2-hexinyl, 3-hexinyl, 4-hexinyl, 5-hexinyl,1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl,2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4-pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl,4-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl,2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1-ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl,1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl and 2,5-hexadiynyl. Is also preferablyalkynyls having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as, inter alia, ethynyl,2-propynyl or 2-butynyl-2-propenyl. The allynyls according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “cycloalkyl”—on its own or as part of achemical group—is mono-, bi- or tricyclic hydrocarbons, preferablyhaving 3 to 10 carbons, such as, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl,bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl or adamantyl. Is also preferably cycloalkyls having3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms, such as, inter alia, cyclopropyl orcyclobutyl. The cycloalkyls according to the invention can besubstituted by one or more identical or different radicals.

According to the invention, “alkylcycloalkyl” is mono-, bi- or tricyclicalkylcycloalkyl, preferably having 4 to 10 or 4 to 7 carbon atoms, suchas, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, isopropylcyclobutyl,3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. Is also preferablyalkylcycloalkyls having 4, 5 or 7 carbon atoms, such as, inter alia,ethylcyclopropyl or 4-methylcyclohexyl. The alkylcycloalkyls accordingto the invention can be substituted by one or more identical ordifferent radicals.

According to the invention, “cycloalkylalkyl” is mono-, bi- or tricycliccycloalkylalkyl, preferably having 4 to 10 or 4 to 7 carbon atoms, suchas, for example, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl,cyclohexylmethyl and cyclopentylethyl. Is also preferablycycloalkylalkyls having 4, 5 or 7 carbon atoms such as, inter alia,cyclopropylmethyl or cyclobutylmethyl. The cycloalkylalkyls according tothe invention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “halogen” is fluorine, chlorine, bromine oriodine, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

The halogen-substituted chemical groups according to the invention, suchas, for example, haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, haloalkyloxy, haloalkylthio,haloalkylsulphinyl or haloalkylsulphonyl are substituted by halogen oneor more times up to the maximum possible substituent number. In the caseof polysubstitution by halogen, the halogen atoms may be identical ordifferent and may all be bonded to one or more carbon atoms. Here,halogen is in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine,preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine and particularly preferablyfluorine.

According to the invention, “halocycloalkyl” is mono-, bi- or tricyclichalocycloalkyl, preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as, interalia, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-fluorocyclopropyl or 1-fluorocyclobutyl. Isalso preferably halocycloalkyl having 3, 5 or 7 carbon atoms. Thehalocycloalkyls according to the invention can be substituted by one ormore identical or different radicals.

According to the invention, “haloalkyl”, “haloalkenyl” or “haloalkynyl”is halogen-substituted alkyls, alkenyls or alkynyls having preferably 1to 9 identical or different halogen atoms, such as, for example,monohaloalkyl such as CH₂CH₂Cl, CH₂CH₂F, CHClCH₃, CHFCH₃, CH₂Cl, CH₂F;perhaloalkyl, such as CCl₃ or CF₃ or CF₂CF₃; polyhaloalkyl such as CHF₂,CH₂F, CH₂CHFCl, CHCl₂, CF₂CF₂H, CH₂CF₃. The same applies for haloalkenyland other halogen-substituted radicals. Haloalkoxy is e.g. OCF₃, OCHF₂,OCH₂F, OCF₂CF₃, OCH₂CF₃ and OCH₂CH₂Cl.

Further examples of haloalkyls are trichloromethyl,chlorodifluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl,1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl andpentafluoro-tert-butyl. Preference is given to haloalkyls having 1 to 4carbon atoms and 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 5, identical or differenthalogen atoms which are selected from fluorine, chlorine or bromine.Particular preference is given to haloalkyls having 1 or 2 carbon atomsand having 1 to 5 identical or different halogen atoms which areselected from fluorine or chlorine, such as, inter alia, difluoromethyl,trifluoromethyl or 2,2-difluoroethyl.

According to the invention, “hydroxyalkyl” is straight-chain or branchedalcohol, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example,methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol,sec-butanol and tert-butanol. Is also preferably hydroxyalkyl groupshaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The hydroxyalkyl groups according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “alkoxy” is straight-chain or branchedO-alkyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example,methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxyand tert-butoxy. Is also preferably alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbonatoms. The alkoxy groups according to the invention can be substitutedby one or more identical or different radicals.

According to the invention, “haloalkoxy” is halogen-substitutedstraight-chain or branched O-alkyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbonatoms, such as, inter alia, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy,2,2-difluoroethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy and2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethoxy. Is also preferably haloalkoxy groupshaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The haloalkoxy groups according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “alkylthio” is straight-chain or branchedS-alkyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example,methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio,isobutylthio, sec-butylthio and tert-butylthio. Is also preferablyalkylthio groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylthio groupsaccording to the invention can be substituted by one or more identicalor different radicals.

Examples of haloalkylthioalkyls, i.e. halogen-substituted alkylthiogroups, are, inter alia, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio,trichloromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, 1-fluoroethylthio,2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylthio,2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio or 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethylthio.

According to the invention, “alkylsulphinyl” is straight-chain orbranched alkylsulphinyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as,for example, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, n-propylsulphinyl,isopropylsulphinyl, n-butylsulphinyl, isobutylsulphinyl,sec-butylsulphinyl and tert-butylsulphinyl. Is also preferablyalkylsulphinyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylsulphinylgroups according to the invention can be substituted by one or moreidentical or different radicals.

Examples of haloalkylsulphinyl groups, i.e. halogen-substitutedalkylsulphinyl groups, are, inter alia, difluoromethylsulphinyl,trifluorotnethylsulphinyl, trichloromethylsulphinyl,chlorodifluoromethylsulphinyl, 1-fluoroethylsulphinyl,2-fluoroethylsulphinyl, 2,2-difluoroethylsulphinyl,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylsulphinyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulphinyl and2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethylsulphinyl.

According to the invention, “alkylsulphonyl” is straight-chain orbranched alkylsulphonyl, preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as,for example, methylsulphonyl, ethylsulphonyl, n-propylsulphonyl,isopropylsulphonyl, n-butylsulphonyl, isobutylsulphonyl,sec-butylsulphonyl and tert-butylsulphonyl. Is also preferablyalkylsulphonyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylsulphonylgroups according to the invention can be substituted by one or moreidentical or different radicals.

Examples of haloalkylsulphonyl groups, i.e. halogen-substitutedalkylsulphonyl groups are, inter alia, difluoromethylsulphonyl,trifluoromethylsulphonyl, trichloromethylsulphonyl,chlorodifluoromethylsulphonyl, 1-fluoroethylsulphonyl,2-fluoroethylsulphonyl, 2,2-difluoroethylsulphonyl,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylsulphonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulphonyl and2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethylsulphonyl.

According to the invention, “alkylcarbonyl” is a straight-chain orbranched alkyl-C(═O), preferably having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, such asmethylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl,sec-butylcarbonyl and tert-butylcarbonyl. Is also preferablyalkylcarbonyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylcarbonyls accordingto the invention can be substituted by one or more identical ordifferent radicals.

According to the invention, “cycloalkylcarbonyl” is straight-chain orbranched cycloalkylcarbonyl, preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms inthe cycloalkyl moiety, such as, for example, cyclopropylcarbonyl,cyclobutylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl,cycloheptyl-carbonyl, cyclooctylcarbonyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl,bicyclo[2.2.2]octylcarbonyl and adamantylcarbonyl. Is also preferablycycloalkylcarbonyl having 3, 5 or 7 carbon atoms in the cycloalkylmoiety. The cycloalkylcarbonyl groups according to the invention can besubstituted by one or more identical or different radicals.

According to the invention, “alkoxycarbonyl” on its own or as part of achemical group is straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl, preferablyhaving 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety,such as, for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl andtert-butoxycarbonyl. The alkoxycarbonyl groups according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “alkylaminocarbonyl” is straight-chain orbranched alkylaminocarbonyl having preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, such as, for example,methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl,isopropylaminocarbonyl, sec-butylaminocarbonyl andtert-butylaminocarbonyl. The alkylaminocarbonyl groups according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

According to the invention, “N,N-dialkylaminocarbonyl” is straight-chainor branched N,N-dialkylaminocarbonyl having preferably 1 to 6 carbonatoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, such as, for example,N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl, N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl,N,N-di(n-propylamino)carbonyl, N,N-di(isopropylamino)carbonyl andN,N-di(sec-butylamino)carbonyl. The N,N-dialkylaminocarbonyl groupsaccording to the invention can be substituted by one or more identicalor different radicals.

According to the invention, “aryl” is a mono-, bi- or polycyclicaromatic system having preferably, 6 to 14, in particular 6 to 10, ringcarbon atoms, such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl,phenanthrenyl, preferably phenyl. Aryl is also polycyclic systems, suchas tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, fluorenyl, biphenyl, where thebonding side is on the aromatic system. The aryl groups according to theinvention can be substituted by one or more identical or differentradicals.

Examples of substituted aryls are the arylalkyls which may likewise besubstituted by one or more identical or different radicals in the alkyland/or aryl moiety. Examples of such arylalkyls are, inter alia, benzyland 1-phenylethyl.

According to the invention, “heterocycle”, “heterocyclic ring” or“heterocyclic ring system” is a carbocyclic ring system with at leastone ring in which at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom,preferably by a heteroatom from the group consisting of N, O, S, P, B,Si, Se and which is saturated, unsaturated or heteroaromatic and may beunsubstituted or substituted by a substituent Z, where the bonding siteis localized on a ring atom. Unless defined otherwise, the heterocyclicring comprises preferably 3 to 9 ring atoms, in particular 3 to 6 ringatoms, and one or more, preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1, 2 or 3,heteroatoms in the heterocyclic ring, preferably from the groupconsisting of N, O and S, where, however, two oxygen atoms should not bedirectly adjacent. The heterocyclic rings usually comprise not more than4 nitrogen atoms, and/or not more than 2 oxygen atoms and/or not morethan 2 sulphur atoms. If the heterocyclyl radical or the heterocyclicring is optionally substituted, it can be fused with other carbocyclicor heterocyclic rings. In the case of optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, the invention also encompasses polycyclic systems such as,for example, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl or 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl. Inthe case of optionally substituted heterocyclyl, the invention alsoencompasses spirocyclic systems, such as, for example,1-oxa-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexyl.

Heterocyclyl groups according to the invention are, for example,piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl,imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, dioxolyl,pyrazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, oxetanyl, oxiranyl,azetidinyl, aziridinyl, oxazetidinyl, oxaziridinyl, oxazepanyl,oxazinanyl, azepanyl, oxopyrrolidinyl, dioxopyrrolidinyl,oxomorpholinyl, oxopiperazinyl and oxepanyl.

A particular meaning is given to heteroaryls, i.e. heteroaromaticsystems. According to the invention, the expression heteroaryl standsfor heteroaromatic compounds, i.e. completely unsaturated aromaticheterocyclic compounds which fall within the above definition ofheterocycles. Preferably for 5- to 7-membered rings having 1 to 3,preferably 1 or 2, identical or different heteroatoms from theaforementioned group. Heteroaryls according to the invention are, forexample, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,3- and1,2,4-triazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-, 1,3,4-,1,2,4- and 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,2,4-,1,3,2-, 1,3,6- and 1,2,6-oxazinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl,1,2,4-triazolonyl and 1,2,4-diazepinyl. The heteroaryl groups accordingto the invention can also be substituted via one or more identical ordifferent radicals.

Substituted groups, such as a substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkyl, aryl, phenyl, benzyl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl radical,are, for example, a substituted radical derived from the unsubstitutedparent substances, where the substituents are, for example, one or more,preferably 1, 2 or 3, radicals from the group consisting of halogen,alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, nitro, carboxy or a group equivalentto the carboxy group, cyano, isocyano, azido, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, formyl, carbamoyl, mono- and N,N-dialkylaminocarbonyl,substituted amino, such as acylamino, mono- and N,N-dialkylamino,trialkylsilyl and optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, where each of thelast-mentioned cyclic groups may also be bonded via heteroatoms ordivalent functional groups as in the case of the specified alkylradicals, and alkylsuiphinyl, where both enantiomers of thealkylsulphonyl group are encompassed, alkylsulphonyl, alkylphosphinyl,alkylphosphonyl and, in the case of cyclic radicals (=“cyclic parentsubstance”), also alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,optionally substituted mono- and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl and hydroxyalkyl.

In the term “substituted groups” such as substituted alkyl etc., inaddition to the specified saturated hydrocarbon-containing radicals,encompassed substituents are corresponding unsaturated aliphatic andaromatic radicals, such as optionally substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkenylthio, alkynylthio, alkenyloxycarbonyl,alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, mono- andN,N-dialkenylaminocarbonyl, mono- and dialkynylaminocarbonyl, mono- andN,N-dialkenylamino, mono- and N,N-dialkynylamino, trialkenylsilyl,optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substitutedcycloalkynyl, phenyl, phenoxy etc. In the case of substituted cyclicradicals with aliphatic fractions in the ring, cyclic systems withsubstituents which are bonded to the ring with a double bond, e.g. withan alkylidene group such as methylidene or ethylidene or an oxo group,imino group, and a substituted imino group are also encompassed.

If two or more radicals form one or more rings, then these may becarbocyclic, heterocyclic, saturated, partially saturated, unsaturated,for example also aromatic and further substituted.

The substituents mentioned by way of example (“first substituent level”)may, if they comprise hydrocarbon-containing fractions, be optionallyfurther substituted there (“second substituent level”), for example byone of the substituents as defined for the first substituent level.Corresponding further substituent levels are possible. Preferably, theterm “substituted radical” encompasses only one or two substituentlevels.

Preferred substituents for the substituent levels are, for example,

amino, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, isocyano, mercapto,isothiocyanato, carboxy, carboxamide, SF₅, aminosulphonyl, alkyl,cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, N-monoalkylamino,N,N-dialkylamino, N-alkanoylamino, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy,cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl,alkynyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, alkenylcarbonyl,alkynylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkenylthio,cycloalkenylthio, alkynylthio, alkylsulphenyl and alkylsulphinyl, whereboth enantiomers of the alkylsulphinyl group are encompassed,alkylsulphonyl, N-monoalkylaminosulphonyl, N,N-dialkylaminosulphonyl,alkylphosphinyl, alkylphosphonyl, where both enantiomers are encompassedfor alkylphosphinyl and alkylphosphonyl, N-alkylaminocarbonyl,N,N-dialkylaminocarbonyl, N-alkanoylaminocarbonyl,N-alkanoyl-N-alkylaminocarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, benzyl, benzyloxy,benzylthio, arylthio, arylamino, benzylamino, heterocyclyl andtrialkylsilyl.

Substituents which are composed of two or more substituent levels arepreferably alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylthioalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy,phenethyl, benzyloxy, haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, haloalkoxy,haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulphinyl, haloalkylsulphonyl, halogenalkanoyl,haloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkoxy,haloalkoxyalkylthio, haloalkoxyalkanoyl, haloalkoxyalkyl.

For radicals with carbon atoms, preference is given to those having 1 to6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2carbon atoms. As a rule preference is given to substituents from thegroup consisting of halogen, e.g. fluorine and chlorine, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,preferably methyl or ethyl, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkyl, preferablytrifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy,(C₁-C₄)-haloalkoxy, nitro and cyano. Particular preference is given hereto the substituents methyl, methoxy, fluorine and chlorine.

Substituted amino such as mono- or disubstituted amino means a radicalfrom the group of the substituted amino radicals which areN-substituted, for example, by one or two identical or differentradicals from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy,acyl and aryl; preferably N-mono- and N,N-dialkylamino, (e.g.methylamino, ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino,N,N-di-n-propylamino, N,N-diisopropylamino or N,N-dibutylamino), N-mono-or NA-dialkoxyalkylamino groups (e.g. N-methoxymethylamino,N-methoxyethylamino, N,N-di(methoxymethyl)amino orN,N-di(methoxyethyl)amino), N-mono- and N,N-diarylamino, such asoptionally substituted anilines, acylamino, N,N-diacylamino,N-alkyl-N-arylamino, N-alkyl-N-acylamino and saturated N-heterocycles;here, preference is given to alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;here, aryl is preferably phenyl or substituted phenyl; for acyl, thedefinition given below applies, preferably (C₁-C₄)-alkanoyl. The sameapplies accordingly for substituted hydroxylamino or hydrazino.

According to the invention, the term “cyclic amino groups” encompassesheteroaromatic or aliphatic ring systems with one or more nitrogenatoms. The heterocycles are saturated or unsaturated, consist of one ormore, optionally condensed ring systems and include optionally furtherheteroatoms, such as, for example, one or two nitrogen, oxygen, and/orsulphur atoms. In addition, the term also encompasses those groups whichhave a Spiro ring or bridged ring system. The number of atoms which formthe cyclic amino group is arbitrary and may consist, for example, in thecase of a one-ring system, of 3 to 8 ring atoms and, in the case of atwo-ring system, of 7 to 11 atoms.

Examples of cyclic amino groups with saturated and unsaturatedmonocyclic groups with one nitrogen atom as heteroatom which may bespecified are 1-azetidinyl, pyrrolidino, 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl, 1-pyrrolyl,piperidino, 1,4-dihydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrazin-1-yl,1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl,homopiperidinyl; examples of cyclic amino groups with saturated andunsaturated monocyclic groups having two or more nitrogen atoms asheteroatoms which may be mentioned are 1-imidazolidinyl, 1-imidazolyl,1-pyrazolyl, 1-triazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 1-piperazinyl,1-homopiperazinyl, 1,2-dihydropiperazin-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl,perhydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,4-diazacycloheptan-1-yl; examples of cyclicamino groups with saturated and unsaturated monocyclic groups having oneor two oxygen atoms and one to three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms, suchas, for example, oxazolidin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl,isoxazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-oxadiazin-2-yl, morpholino; examples of cyclicamino groups with saturated and unsaturated monocyclic groups having oneto three nitrogen atoms and one to two sulphur atoms as heteroatomswhich may be mentioned are thiazolidin-3-yl, isothiazolin-2-yl,thiomorpholino, or dioxothiomorpholino; examples of cyclic amino groupswith saturated and unsatured condensed cyclic groups which may bementioned are indol-1-yl, 1,2-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl,perhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl; an example of cyclic amino groupswith spirocyclic groups that may be mentioned is2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl; an example of cyclic amino groups withbridged heterocyclic groups that may be mentioned is2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl.

Substituted amino also includes quaternary ammonium compounds (salts)with four organic substituents on the nitrogen atom.

Optionally substituted phenyl is preferably phenyl which isunsubstituted or substituted one or more times, preferably up to threetimes, by identical or different radicals from the group consisting ofhalogen, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkoxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkylthio, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkylthio, cyano, isocyano and nitro,e.g. o-, m- and p-tolyl, dimethylphenyls, 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenyl, 2-,3- and 4-fluorophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-trifluoromethyl- and-trichloromethylphenyl, 2,4-, 3,5-, 2,5- and 2,3-dichlorophenyl, o-, m-and p-methoxyphenyl.

Optionally substituted cycloalkyl is preferably cycloalkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted one or more times, preferably up to threetimes, by identical or different radicals from the group consisting ofhalogen, cyano, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,(C₁-C₄)-haloalkyl and (C₁-C₄)-haloalkoxy, in particular is substitutedby one or two (C₁-C₄)-alkyl radicals.

Optionally substituted heterocyclyl is preferably heterocyclyl which isunsubstituted or substituted one or more times, preferably up to threetimes, by identical or different radicals from the group consisting ofhalogen, cyano, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy,(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,(C₁-C₄)-haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkoxy, nitro and oxo, in particular issubstituted one or more times by radicals from the group consisting ofhalogen, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)-haloalkyl and oxo, veryparticularly by one or two (C₁-C₄)-alkyl radicals.

Examples of alkyl-substituted heteroaryls are furylmethyl,thienylmethyl, pyrazolylmethyl, imidazolylmethyl, 1,2,3- and1,2,4-triazolylmethyl, isoxazolylmethyl, thiazolylmethyl,isothiazolylmethyl, 1,2,3-, 1,3,4-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,5-oxadiazolylmethyl,azepinylmethyl, pyrrolylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, pyridazinylmethyl,pyrimidinylmethyl, pyrazinylmethyl, 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and1,2,3-triazinylmethyl, 1,2,4-, 1,3,2-, 1,3,6- and 1,2,6-oxazinylmethyl,oxepinylmethyl, thiepinylmethyl and 1,2,4-diazepinylmethyl.

Salts of the compounds according to the invention that are suitableaccording to the invention, for example salts with bases or acidaddition salts, are all customary nontoxic salts, for exampleagriculturally and/or physiologically acceptable salts, for example,salts with bases or acid addition salts. Preference is given to saltswith inorganic bases, such as, for example, alkali metal salts (e.g.sodium, potassium or caesium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g.calcium or magnesium salts), ammonium salts or salts with organic bases,in particular with organic amines, such as, for example,triethylammonium salts, dicyclohexylammonium salts,N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diammonium salts, pyridinium salts, picoliniumsalts or ethanolammonium salts, salts with inorganic acids (e.g.hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, dihydrosulphates, trihydrosulphates, orphosphates), salts with organic carboxylic acids or organic sulphonicacids (e.g. formates, acetates, trifluoroacetates, maleates, tartrates,methanesulphonates, benzenesulphonates or 4-toluenesulphonates). As isknown, tert-amines, such as, for example, some of the compoundsaccording to the invention, can form N-oxides, which likewise constitutesalts according to the invention.

In addition, preferred embodiments of the invention are the compounds ofthe general formulae (Ia) to (Iv).

In the general formulae (Ia) to (Iv) below, the groups and substituentsA₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, U, L, m, Q and R¹ have the meanings given above. Theradicals Z¹, Z² and Z³ are described by the aforementioned radicaldefinition of Z.

The compounds (Ia) to (Iv) are suitable for controlling animal pests inagriculture and in animal health.

The invention also provides the compounds (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie),(If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is),(It), (Iu), (Iv).

The compounds according to the invention can be present as geometricand/or as optically active isomers or corresponding isomer mixtures invarying composition depending on the nature of the substituents. Thesestereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomersor geometric isomers. The invention thus encompasses pure stereoisomersand also any desired mixtures of these isomers.

The compounds according to the invention can, if appropriate, be presentin various polymorphic forms or as a mixture of different polymorphicforms. Both the pure polymorphs and also the polymorph mixtures areprovided by the invention can be used according to the invention.

Finally, it has been found that the novel compounds of the formula (I),coupled with good plant compatibility, favourable toxicity towarm-blooded animals and good environmental compatibility, are suitablein particular for controlling animal pests, in particular arthropods,insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which areencountered in agriculture, in forestry, in the protection of storedproducts and of materials, and also in the hygiene sector or in the areaof animal health. The compounds according to the invention can likewisebe used in the field of animal health, for example for controlling endo-and/or ectoparasites.

The compounds according to the invention can be used as compositions forcontrolling animals pests, preferably as crop protection compositions.They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species andagainst all or some stages of development.

The compounds according to the invention can be converted to generallyknown formulations. Such formulations generally comprise from 0.01 to98% by weight of active ingredient, preferably from 0.5 to 90% byweight.

The compounds according to the invention can be present in theirstandard commercial formulations and in application forms prepared fromthese formulations in a mixture with other active ingredients orsynergists. Synergists are compounds through which the effect of theactive ingredients is increased without the added synergist itselfhaving to be actively effective.

The active ingredient content of the application forms prepared from thestandard commercial formulations can vary within wide ranges. The activeingredient concentration of the application forms can be from 0.00000001to 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably from 0.00001 to 1% byweight.

The application takes place in a customary manner appropriate for theapplication forms.

According to the invention, all plants and plant parts can be treated.Here, plants are to be understood as meaning all plants and plantpopulations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants(including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plantswhich can be obtained by conventional plant breeding and optimizationmethods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or bycombinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants andincluding the plant cultivars protectable or nonprotectable by plantbreeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all partsand organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf,flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles,stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seed material and alsoroots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvestedmaterial, and vegetative and generative propagation material, forexample cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seed material.

Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts withthe active ingredients takes place directly or by allowing the compoundsto act on their surroundings, habitat or storage space by the customarytreatment methods, e.g. by immersion, spraying, evaporation, fogging,scattering, painting on, injecting and, in the case of propagationmaterial, in particular in the case of seed material, also by applyingone or more coats.

As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and theirparts according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment wild plantspecies and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventionalbiological breeding methods, such as hybridizing or protoplast fusion,and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment,transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineeringmethods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods(Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof, are treated. Theterms “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” have been explainedabove.

Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in eachcase commercially available or in use are treated according to theinvention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants havingnew properties (“traits”) which have been cultivated by conventionalbreeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can becultivars, bio- or genotypes.

In the field of animal health, i.e. in the field of veterinary medicine,the active ingredients according to the present invention are effectiveagainst animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites.The term endoparasites includes in particular helminths, such ascestodes, nematodes or trematodes, and protozoa, such as coccidia.Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, in particularinsects such as flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae,lice, hair lice, bird lice, fleas and the like; or acarids, such asticks, for example hard ticks or soft ticks, or mites, such as scabmites, harvest mites, bird mites and the like.

Moreover, it has been found that the compounds according to theinvention exhibit a high insecticidal effect against insects whichdestroy industrial materials. In the present context, industrialmaterials are to be understood as meaning inanimate materials, such as,preferably, plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cardboards, leather,wood and processed wood products and coating compositions.

Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention can be used aloneor in combinations with other active ingredients as antifoulingcompositions.

The active ingredients are also suitable for controlling animal pests indomestic, hygiene and stored-product protection, in particular insects,arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, forexample, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like.For controlling these pests, they can be used alone or in combinationwith other active ingredients and auxiliaries in domestic insecticideproducts. They are effective against sensitive and resistant species andalso against all developmental stages.

Plants are to be understood as meaning all plant species, plantcultivars and plant populations such as desired and undesired wildplants or crop plants. Crop plants to be treated according to theinvention are plants which occur naturally, or those which have beenobtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or bybiotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations ofthe aforementioned methods. The term crop plant of course alsoencompasses transgenic plants.

Plant cultivars are understood as meaning plants with new properties,so-called traits, which have been cultivated either by conventionalbreeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques or acombination thereof. These can be cultivars, strains, bio- andgenotypes.

Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all parts and organs of theplants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root,in particular leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies,fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. Furthermore, the term plantparts encompasses harvested material and also vegetative and generativepropagation material, such as, for example, cuttings, tubers, rhizomes,offshoots and seeds or seed material.

In one embodiment of the invention, plant species and plant cultivarswhich are naturally occurring or have been obtained by conventionalbreeding and optimization methods (e.g. hybridization or protoplastfusion), and plant parts thereof, are treated.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, transgenic plantswhich have been obtained by genetic engineering methods, optionally incombination with conventional methods, and parts thereof, are treated.

The treatment method according to the invention is preferably used ongenetically modified organisms, such as, for example, plants or plantparts.

Genetically modified plants, so-called transgenic plants, are plants inwhich a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into the genome.

The term “heterologous gene” essentially means a gene which is providedor assembled outside of the plant and, when introduced into the nuclear,chloroplastic or hypochondrial genome, gives the transformed plant newor improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a protein orpolypeptide of interest or by downregulating or silencing other gene(s)which is/are present in the plant (using, for example, antisensetechnology, cosuppression technology or RNAi technology [RNAinterference]). A heterologous gene which is present in the genome islikewise called a transgene. A transgene that is defined by its specificpresence in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenicevent.

Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location andtheir growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), thetreatment according to the invention may also lead to superadditive(“synergistic”) effects. Thus, for example, the following effects, whichexceed the effects which are actually to be expected, are possible:reduced application rates and/or extended activity spectrum and/orincreased effectiveness of the active ingredients and compositions whichcan be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increasedtolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness orto water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easierharvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, biggerfruits, larger plant height, greener leaf colour, earlier flowering,higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvestedproducts, higher sugar concentration in the fruits, better storabilityand/or processability of the harvested products.

At certain application rates, the active ingredient combinationsaccording to the invention may also have a strengthening effect inplants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the defence system ofthe plant against attack by undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/ormicroorganisms and/or viruses. This may, if appropriate, be one of thereasons for the increased effectiveness of the combinations according tothe invention, for example in respect of fungi. Plant-strengthening(resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning in thepresent context also those substances or substance combinations whichare capable of stimulating the defence system of plants in such a waythat, when subsequently inoculated with undesired phytopathogenic fungiand/or microorganisms and/or viruses, the treated plants have aconsiderable degree of resistance to these undesired phytopathogenicfungi and/or microorganisms and/or viruses. In the present case,undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms and/or viruses areto be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and virsues.The substances according to the invention can therefore be used forprotecting plants against attack by the mentioned pathogens within acertain period of time after treatment. The period of time over which aprotective effect is achieved extends generally from 1 to 10 days,preferably 1 to 7 days, following treatment of the plants with theactive ingredients.

Plants which are also preferably treated according to the invention areresistant to one or more biotic stress factors, i.e. these plants havean improved defence against animal and microbial pests, such asnematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, virusesand/or viroids.

Besides the aforementioned plants and plant cultivars, according to theinvention, it is also possible to treat those which are resistant to oneor more abiotic stress factors.

Abiotic stress conditions can include, for example, drought, coldtemperature conditions, heat conditions, osmotic stress, flooding,increased soil salt content, increased mineral exposure, ozoneconditions, bright light conditions, limited availability of nitrogennutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients or shadeavoidance.

Plants and plant cultivars which may likewise be treated according tothe invention are those plants characterized by enhanced yieldcharacteristics. Enhanced yield in said plants can be the result, forexample, of improved plant physiology, improved plant growth andimproved plant development, such as water use efficiency, waterretention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbonassimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germinating power andaccelerated maturation. The yield can moreover be influenced byimproving plant architecture (under stress and nonstress conditions),including early flowering, flowering control for the production ofhybrid seed material, seedling vigour, plant size, internode number anddistance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or earnumber, number of seeds per shoot or ear, seed mass, enhanced seedfilling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodgingresistance. Further yield features include seed composition such ascarbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition,nutritional value, reduction in antinutritional compounds, improvedprocessability and better storability.

Plants which can be treated according to the invention are hybrid plantsthat already express the properties of heterosis or the hybrid effect,which results in generally higher yield, greater vigour, better healthand better resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Such plantsare typically produced by crossing an inbred male-sterile parent line(the female hybridization partner) with another inbred pollen-fertileparent line (the male hybridization partner). The hybrid seed materialis typically harvested from the male-sterile plants and sold to growers.Male-sterile plants can sometimes (e.g. in the case of corn) be producedby detasseling (i.e. mechanically removing the male reproductive organsor the male flowers); however, it is more usual for the male sterilityto be based on genetic determinants in the plant genome. In this case,and especially when the desired product to be harvested from the hybridplants is seeds, it is typically favourable to ensure that the pollenfertility in hybrid plants which contain the genetic determinantsresponsible for the male sterility, is fully restored. This can beaccomplished by ensuring that the male hybridization partners havecorresponding fertility restorer genes which are capable of restoringthe male fertility in hybrid plants that contain the geneticdeterminants responsible for the male sterility. Genetic determinantsfor male sterility can be localized in the cytoplasm. Examples ofcytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been described, for example, forBrassica species. However, genetic determinants for male sterility canalso be located in the nuclear genome. Male-sterile plants can also beobtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering. Aparticularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile plants is describedin WO 89/10396, where for example, a ribonuclease such as barnase isselectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility canthen be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonucleaseinhibitor such as barstar.

Plants or plant cultivars (which are obtained using plant biotechnologymethods, such as genetic engineering), which can be treated according tothe invention are herbicide tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerantto one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either bygenetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutationimparting such herbicide tolerance.

Herbicide-tolerant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants,i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof.Thus, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained bytransforming the plant with a gene encoding for the enzyme5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of suchEPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonellatyphimurium, the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp., the geneswhich encode a petunia EPSPS, a tomato EPSPS or an Eleusine EPSPS. Itmay also be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also beobtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxidereductaseenzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing agene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme.Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plantswhich naturally occurring mutations of the aforementioned genes.

Other herbicide-resistant plants are, for example, plants which havebeen rendered tolerant to herbicides which inhibit the enzyme glutaminesynthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Suchplants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme which detoxifies theherbicide or a mutant of the enzyme glutamine synthase that is resistantto inhibition. One such effective detoxifying enzyme is, for example, anenzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (such as, forexample, the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants whichexpress an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyl transferase have beendescribed.

Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants which have beenrendered tolerant to the herbicides which inhibit the enzymehydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD).Hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenases are enzymes which catalyse thereaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted tohomogentisate. Plants which are tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can betransformed with a gene which encodes a naturally occurring resistantHPPD enzyme or a gene which encodes a mutated HPPD enzyme. Tolerance toHPPD inhibitors can also be attained by transforming plants with genesencoding certain enzymes which permit the formation of homogentisatedespite inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor.Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved bytransforming plants with a gene encoding a prephenate dehydrogenaseenzyme in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme.

Further herbicide-resistant plants are plants which have been renderedtolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitorsinclude, for example, sulphonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines,pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoates and/or sulphonylaminocarbonylthiazolinoneherbicides. It is known that different mutations in the ALS enzyme (alsoknown as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS) confer tolerance to differentherbicides and groups of herbicides. The production ofsulphonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone-tolerant plants isdescribed in the international publication WO 1996/033270. Furthersulphonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described in,for example, WO 2007/024782.

Further plants which are tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulphonylureacan be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures inthe presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding.

Plants or plant cultivars (which have been obtained by plantbiotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering) which can likewisebe treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenicplants, i.e. plants rendered resistant to attack by certain targetinsects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or byselection of plants containing a mutation which imparts such insectresistance.

In the present context, the term “insect-resistant transgenic plant”encompasses any plant containing at least one transgene which includes acoding sequence encoding the following:

-   1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an    insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal    proteins which are described online at:    http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/, has been    listed, or insecticidal portions thereof, e.g. proteins of the Cry    protein classes Cry1Ab, Cry 1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Ae or Cry3Bb or    insecticidal portions thereof;-   2) a crystal protein comprising Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion    thereof which has an insecticidal effect in the presence of a second    crystal protein other than Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion    thereof, such as the binary toxin which consists of the crystal    proteins Cy34 and Cy35; or-   3) an insecticidal hybrid protein which comprises portions of two    different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis,    such as, for example, a hybrid of the proteins from 1) above or a    hybrid of the proteins from 2) above, e.g. the protein Cry1A.105,    which is produced by the maize event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or-   4) a protein according to any one of points 1) to 3) above wherein    some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by    another amino acid in order to achieve higher insecticidal    effectiveness in respect of a target insect species and/or in order    to expand the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species    and/or because of changes which have been induced in the encoding    DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bb1 protein in    the maize event MON863 or MON88017 or the Cry3A protein in the maize    event MIR 604;-   5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or    Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the    vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP),    -   which are listed at        http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html    -   e.g. proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or-   6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus    cereus, which has an insecticidal effect in the presence of a second    secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as    the binary toxin which consists of the proteins VIP1A and VIP2A;-   7) an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising portions from different    secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus,    such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) or a hybrid of the proteins    in 2) above; or-   8) a protein according to one of points 1) to 3) above, in which    some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by    another amino acid in order to obtain higher insecticidal    effectiveness in respect of a target insect species, and/or in order    to expand the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species,    and/or because of changes which have been induced in the encoding    DNA during cloning or transformation (the encoding for an    insecticidal protein being retained), such as the VIP3Aa protein in    the cotton event COT 102.

The insect-resistant transgenic plants in the present context naturallyalso include those plants comprising a combination of genes encoding theproteins of one of the aforementioned classes 1 to 8. In one embodiment,an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding aprotein of any of the aforementioned classes 1 to 8 in order to expandthe spectrum of the corresponding target insect species or in order todelay insect resistance development to the plants by using differentproteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having adifferent mode of action, such as binding to different receptor bindingsites in the insect.

Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods suchas genetic engineering) which can likewise be treated according to theinvention are tolerant to abiotic stress factors. Such plants can beobtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containinga mutation which imparts such stress resistance. Particularly usefulplants with stress tolerance include the following:

-   -   a. plants which contain a transgene which is able to reduce the        expression and/or activity of the gene for the        poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in the plant cells or plants.    -   b. plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene        which is able to reduce the expression and/or activity of the        PARG encoding genes of the plants or plant cells;    -   c. plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene        encoding a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotinamide adenine        dinucleotide salvage biosynthesis pathway, including        nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic        acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine        dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide        phosphoribosyltransferase.

Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods suchas genetic engineering) which can likewise be treated according to theinvention have an altered amount, quality and/or storability of theharvested product and/or modified properties of certain constituents ofthe harvested products, such as, for example:

-   1) Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch which, in    respect of its chemicophysical properties, in particular the amylose    content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching,    average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity    behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or starch    grain morphology, is altered compared to the synthesized starch in    wild type plant cells or plants, such that this modified starch is    better suited for certain applications.-   2) Transgenic plants which synthesize non-starch carbohydrate    polymers or non-starch carbohydrate polymers with altered properties    compared to wild type plants without genetic modification. Examples    are plants which produce polyfructose, in particular of the inulin    and levan type, plants which produce alpha-1,4-glucans, plants which    produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans and plants which    produce alternan.-   3) Transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan.

Plants or plant cultivars (which have been obtained by plantbiotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can likewise betreated according to the invention are plants such as cotton plants withaltered fibre properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetictransformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation impartingsuch modified fibre properties and include:

-   -   a) plants such as cotton plants, which contain a modified form        of cellulose synthase genes;    -   b) plants such as cotton plants which contain a modified form of        rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids;    -   c) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of        sucrose phosphate synthase;    -   d) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of        sucrose synthase;    -   e) plants such as cotton plants in which the time point of the        plasmodesmatal gating at the base of the fibre cell is altered,        e.g. through downregulation of fibre-selective β-1,3-glucanase;

-   f) plants such as cotton plants with fibres with altered reactivity,    e.g. through expression of the N-acetylglucosaminetransferase gene    including nodC, and chitin synthase genes.

Plants or plant cultivars (which have been obtained by plantbiotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can likewise betreated according to the invention are plants such as oilseed rape orrelated brassica plants having modified properties of the oilcomposition. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or byselection of plants containing a mutation which imparts such modifiedoil properties and include:

-   -   a) plants such as oilseed rape plants which produce oil with a        high oleic acid content;    -   b) plants such as oilseed rape plants which produce oil with a        low linolenic acid content;    -   c) plants such as oilseed rape plants which produce oil with a        low saturated fatty acid content.

Particularly useful transgenic plants which can be treated according tothe invention are plants with one or more genes encoding one or moretoxins are the transgenic plants which are supplied under the followingtrade names: YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soybeans),KnockOut® (for example maize), BiteGard® (for example maize), BT-Xtra®(for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton),Nucotn® (cotton), Nucotn 33B® (cotton), NatureGard® (for example maize),Protecta® and NewLeaf® (potato). Herbicide-tolerant plants which may bementioned are, for example, maize varieties, cotton varieties andsoybean varieties which are supplied under the following trade names:Roundup Ready® (glyphosate tolerance, for example maize, cotton,soybeans), Liberty Link® (phosphinotricin tolerance, for example oilseedrape), IMI® (imidazolinone tolerance) and SCS® (sulphonylureatolerance), for example maize. Herbicide-resistant plants (plantstraditionally cultivated for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentionedinclude the varieties supplied under the name Clearfield® (for examplemaize).

Particularly useful transgenic plants which can be treated according tothe invention are plants which contain transformation events or acombination of transformation events and which are listed, for example,in the databases of various national or regional authorities (see, forexample, http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx andhttp://www.agbios.com/dbase.php).

The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant partswith the active ingredient combinations is carried out directly orthrough action on their environment, habitat or storage space by thecustomary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying,vaporizing, misting, scattering, painting on and, in the case ofpropagation material, in particular in the case of seed material, alsoby coating with one or more layers.

In particular, the mixtures according to the invention are suitable fortreating seed material. In this connection, the combinations accordingto the invention specified above as preferred or particularly preferredare preferably to be mentioned. Thus, a large part of the damage to cropplants which is caused by pests occurs as early as when the seedmaterial is infested during storage and after the seed material isintroduced into the soil, as well as during and directly aftergermination of the plants. This phase is particularly critical since theroots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive andeven minor damage can lead to the death of the whole plant. Protectingthe seed material and the germinating plant through the use of suitablecompositions is therefore of particularly great interest.

The control of pests by treating the seed material of plants has beenknown for a long time and is the subject of continual improvements.Nevertheless, the treatment of seed material entails a series ofproblems which cannot always be solved satisfactorily. Thus, it isdesirable to develop methods for protecting the seed material and thegerminating plant which dispense with the additional application of cropprotection products after planting or after emergence of the plants. Itis furthermore desirable to optimize the amount of active ingredientused in such a way as to provide optimum protection for the seedmaterial and the germinating plant from attack by pests, but withoutdamaging the plant itself by the active ingredient used. In particular,methods for the treatment of seed material should also take intoconsideration the intrinsic insecticidal properties of transgenic plantsin order to achieve optimum protection of the seed material and of thegerminating plant with a minimum of crop protection products being used.

The present invention therefore relates in particular also to a methodfor the protection of seed material and germinating plants from attackby pests, by treating the seed material with a composition according tothe invention. The invention likewise relates to the use of thecompositions according to the invention for the treatment of seedmaterial for protecting the seed material and the plants resultingtherefrom from pests. Furthermore, the invention relates to seedmaterial which has been treated with a composition according to theinvention for protection against pests.

It is one of the advantages of the present invention that the particularsystemic properties of the compositions according to the invention meanthat treatment of the seed material with these compositions not onlyprotects the seed material itself, but also the resulting plants afteremergence, from pests. In this manner, the immediate treatment of thecrop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.

A further advantage is the synergistic increase in the insecticidaleffectiveness of the compositions according to the invention comparedwith the insecticidal individual active ingredient, which exceeds theexpected effectiveness of the two active ingredients appliedindividually. The synergistic increase in the fungicidal effectivenessof the compositions according to the invention compared with thefungicidal individual active ingredient, which exceeds the expectedeffectiveness of the active ingredient applied individually, is alsoadvantageous. This makes it possible to optimize the amount of activeingredients used.

It is likewise considered advantageous that the mixtures according tothe invention can also be used in particular in transgenic seedmaterial, in which case the plants resulting from this seed material arecapable of expressing a protein directed against pests. By treating suchseed material with the compositions according to the invention, certainpests can be controlled merely through the expression of the, forexample, insecticidal protein, and additionally through the compositionsaccording to the invention are protected against damage.

The compositions according to the invention are suitable for protectingseed material of any plant variety as already mentioned above which isused in agriculture, in a greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture. Inparticular, it is seed material from maize, peanut, canola, oilseedrape, poppy, soybean, cotton, beet (e.g. sugarbeet and fodder beet),rice, millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sunflower, tobacco, potatoes orvegetables (e.g. tomatoes, cabbage plants). The compositions accordingto the invention are likewise suitable for treating the seed material offruit plants and vegetables as already specified above. The treatment ofthe seed material of maize, soybeans, cotton, wheat and canola oroilseed rape is of particular importance.

As already mentioned above, the treatment of transgenic seed materialwith a composition according to the invention is also of particularimportance. In this connection, the seed material is that of plantswhich generally comprise at least one heterologous gene which controlsthe expression of a polypeptide with in particular insecticidalproperties. In this connection, the heterologous genes in transgenicseed material can originate from microorganisms such as Bacillus,Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus orGliocladium. The present invention is particularly suitable for thetreatment of transgenic seed material which comprises at least oneheterologous gene originating from Bacillus sp. and whose gene productexhibits effectiveness against the European corn borer and/or the cornroot worm. Here, it is particularly preferably a heterologous gene whichoriginates from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Within the context of the present invention, the composition accordingto the invention is applied to the seed material alone or in a suitableformulation. Preferably, the seed material is treated in a state inwhich it is stable enough to avoid damage during treatment. In general,the seed material can be treated at any time between harvest and sowing.The seed material usually used has been separated from the plant andfreed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or fruit flesh.

When treating the seed material, care must generally be taken that theamount of the composition according to the invention applied to the seedmaterial and/or further additives is selected in such a way that thetermination of the seed material is not adversely affected, or that theresulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in thecase of active ingredients which can exhibit phytotoxic effects atcertain application rates.

Moreover, the compounds according to the invention can be used forcontrolling a large number of different pests including, for example,harmful sucking insects, biting insects and other plant-parasitic pests,stored grain pests, pests which destroy industrial materials, andhygiene pests including parasites in the field of animal health and canbe used for their control, like, for example, their eradication andextermination. The present invention therefore also encompasses a methodfor controlling pests.

In the field of animal health, i.e. in the field of veterinary medicine,the active ingredients according to the present invention are effectiveagainst animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites.The term endoparasites includes in particular helminths, such ascestodes, nematodes or trematodes, and protozoa, such as coccidia.Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, in particularinsects such as fleas (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae,lice, hair lice, bird lice, fleas and the like; or acarids, such asticks, for example hard ticks or soft ticks, or mites, such as scabmites, harvest mites, bird mites and the like.

These parasites include:

From the order of the Anoplurida, e.g. Haematopinus spp., Linognathusspp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.; specific examplesare: Linognathus setosus, Linognathus vituli, Linognathus ovillus,Linognathus oviformis, Linognathus pedalis, Linognathus stenopsis,Haematopinus asini macrocephalus, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinussuis, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phylloeravastatrix, Phthirus pubis, Solenopotes capillatus;

From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina andIschnocerina, e.g. Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp.,Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp.,Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.; specific examples are: Bovicola bovis,Bovicola ovis, Bovicola limbata, Damalina bovis, Trichodectes canis,Felicola subrostratus, Bovicola caprae, Lepikentron ovis, Werneckiellaequi;

From the order of the Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina andBrachycerina, e.g. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simuliumspp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoidesspp., Chrysops spp., Odagmia spp., Wilhelmia spp., Hybomitra spp.,Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braulaspp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp.,Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Luciliaspp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp.,Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp.,Melophagus spp., Rhinoestrus spp., Tipula spp.; specific examples are:Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anophelesgambiae, Anopheles maculipennis, Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozonapluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Fanniacanicularis, Sarcophaga carnaria, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa,Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Simulium reptans, Phlebotomuspapatasi, Phlebotomus longipalpis, Odagmia ornata, Wilhelmia equina,Boophthora erythrocephala, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus spodopterus, Tabanusatratus, Tabanus sudeticus, Hybomitra ciurea, Chrysops caecutiens,Chrysops relictus, Haematopota pluvialis, Haematopota italics, Muscaautumnalis, Musca domestica, Haematobia irritans irritans, Haematobiairritans exigua, Haematobia stimulans, Hydrotaea irritans, Hydrotaeaalbipuncta, Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya bezziana. Oestrus ovis,Hypoderma Bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Przhevalskiana silenus, Dermatobiahominis, Melophagus ovinus, Lipoptena capreoli, Lipoptena cervi,Hippobosca variegata, Hippobosca equina, Gasterophilus intestinalis,Gasterophilus haemorroidalis, Gasterophilus inermis, Gasterophilusnasalis, Gasterophilus nigricornis, Gasterophilus pecorum, Brauia coeca;

From the order of the Siphonapterida, e.g. Pulex spp., Ctenocephalidesspp., Tunga spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.; specific examplesare: Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tungapenetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis;

From the order of the Heteropterida, e.g. Cinaex spp., Triatoma spp.,Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.;

From the order of the Blattarida, e.g. Blatta orientalis, Periplanetaamericana, Blattela germanica, Supella spp. (e.g. Suppella longipalpa);

From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of the Meta- andMesostigmata, e.g. Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodesspp., Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp., Dermacentor spp.,Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Dermanyssus spp., Rhipicephalus spp.(the original genus of multi-host ticks), Ornithonyssus spp.,Pneumonyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp.,Varroa spp., Acarapis spp.; specific examples are: Argas persicus, Argasreflexus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)calceratus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma aegypticum, Hyalommamarginatum, Hyalomma transiens, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Ixodes ricinus,Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes pilosus, Ixodes rubicundus,Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Haemaphysalis concinna,Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis cinnabarina, Haemaphysalisotophila, Haemaphysalis leachi, Haemaphysalis longicorni, Dermacentormarginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor pietas, Dermacentoralbipictus, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalommamauritanicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus bursa,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalusturanicus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyommavariegatum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyommacajennense, Derrnanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bursa, Ornithonyssussylviarum, Varroa jacobsoni;

From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida(Astigmata), e.g. Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletiaspp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp.,Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp.,Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp.,Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp.,Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.; specific examples are: Cheyletiellayasguri, Cheyletiella blakei, Demodex canis, Demodex bovis, Demodexovis, Demodex caprae, Demodex equi, Demodex caballi, Demodex suis,Neotrombicula autumnalis, Neotrombicula desaleri, NeoschOngastiaxerothermobia, Trombicula akamushi, Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres cati,Sarcoptis canis, Sarcoptes bovis, Sarcoptes ovis, Sarcoptes rupicaprae(═S. caprae), Sarcoptes equi, Sarcoptes suis, Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptescuniculi, Psoroptes equi, Chorioptes bovis, Psoergates ovis,Pneumonyssoidic mange, Pneumonyssoides caninum, Acarapis woodi.

The active ingredients according to the invention are also suitable forcontrolling arthropods, helminths and protozoa which attack animals. Theanimals include agricultural livestock such as, for example, cattle,sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits,chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, cultured fish, honeybees. Moreover, theanimals include domestic animals which are also referred to as companionanimals such as, for example, dogs, cats, cage birds, aquarium fish andso-called experimental animals such as, for example, hamsters, guineapigs, rats and mice.

By controlling these arthropods, helminths and/or protozoa, theintention is to reduce deaths and improve performance (in the case ofmeat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey etc.) and the health of the hostanimal, so that more economical and simpler animal keeping is madepossible through the usde of the active ingredients according to theinvention.

For example, it is thus desirable to prevent or interrupt the uptake ofblood by the parasites from the host (where applicable). Moreover,controlling the parasites can contribute to preventing the transmissionof infectious substances.

The term “controlling” as used herein with regard to the field of animalhealth means that the active ingredients are effective in reducing theincidence of the respective parasite in an animal infected with suchparasites to innocuous levels. More specifically, “controlling”, as usedherein, means that the active ingredient kills the respective parasite,inhibits its growth or inhibits its proliferation.

In general, the active ingredients according to the invention can beapplied directly when used for the treatment of animals. They arepreferably applied in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which maycontain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or auxiliaries knownin the prior art.

In the field of animal health and in animal keeping, the activeingredients are applied (=administered) in a known manner by enteraladministration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks,drenches, granules, pastes, boli, the feed-through method,suppositories, by parenteral administration, such as, for example, byinjections (intramuscular, subcutanous, intravenous, intraperitoneal andthe like), implants, by nasal application, by dermal application in theform of, for example, dipping or bathing, spraying, pouring-on andspotting-on, washing, dusting, and with the help ofactive-ingredient-containing shaped articles, such as collars, ear tags,tail tags, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like. The activeingredients can be formulated as shampoo or as suitable formulationsthat can be used in aerosols or unpressurized sprays, e.g. pump spraysand atomizer sprays.

When used for livestock, poultry, domestic animals etc., the activeingredients according to the invention can be applied as formulations(for example powders, wettable powders [“WP”], emulsions, emulsifiableconcentrates [“EC”], flowable compositions, homogeneous solutions andsuspension concentrates [“SC”]) which comprise the active ingredients inan amount of from 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after dilution(e.g. 100- to 10 000-fold dilution), or they can be used as a chemicalbath.

When used in the field of animal health, the active ingredientsaccording to the invention can be used in combination with suitablesynergists or other active ingredients, such as, for example,acaricides, insecticides, anthelmintics, anti-protozoal compositions.

The compounds according to the invention can be prepared by customarymethods known to the person skilled in the art.

Reaction scheme 1 depicts the general synthesis process A for thecompounds (I-1) according to the invention.

The radicals A₁-A₄, Q and T have the meanings described above. X is anydesired leaving group.

Compounds according to the invention of the type (I-1) can besynthesized by reacting amines of the general structure (IV) withactivated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general structure (V). Thereaction can be carried out with or without solvents. In this step, asuitable base can likewise be used.

In general, it is advantageous to carry out the first reaction step ofthe synthesis method A according to the invention, if appropriate, inthe presence of a suitable diluent and, if appropriate, in the presenceof suitable basic reaction auxiliary.

Diluents are advantageously used in an amount such that the reactionmixture remains readily stirrable throughout the entire process.

The solvent which may be used is any solvent which does not adverselyaffect the reaction, such as, for example, water. Of suitability arearomatic hydrocarbons such as benzene or toluene; halogenatedhydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform or tetrachloromethane,open-chain or cyclic ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane,tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane; esters such as ethyl acetate andbutyl acetate; ketones such as, for example, acetone, methyl isobutylketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as dimethylformamide anddimethylacetamide; nitriles such as acetonitrile; and other inertsolvents such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; the solvents can beused alone or in combination of two or more.

The base used can be an organic base such as triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, pyridine and4-dimethylaminopyridine; furthermore, the following bases can, forexample, be used: alkali metal hydroxides, such as, for example, sodiumhydroxide and potassium hydroxide; carbonates such as sodiumhydrogencarbonate and potassium carbonate; phosphates such asdipotassium hydrogenphosphate and disodium phosphate; alkali metalhydrides, such as sodium hydride; alkali metal alcoholates, such assodium methanolate and sodium ethanolate. These bases can be used inratios of from 0.01 to 5.0 mole equivalents based on (IV) and (V).

Furthermore, silver(I) cyanide can also be used as base and activator[Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1992, 57, 4394-4400; Journal of MedicinaChemistry 1992, 35, 3905-3918; Journal of Organic Chemistry 2003, 68,1843-1851].

The suitable reaction temperature is in the range from −20° C. up to theboiling point of the particular solvent and the reaction time is betweena few minutes and 96 hours depending on the choice of reactants,solvents and reaction temperature.

Cyclic carboxylic acid halides, as are represented by the generalstructure (V), can be prepared simply by reacting a heterocycliccarboxylic acid with halogenating reagents such as thionyl chloride,thionyl bromide, phosphoryl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorustrichloride, etc. [Houben-Weyl, 1952, vol. VIII, p. 463 ff.]

The synthesis of carboxamides represented by the formula (I-1) can,however, also be carried out using coupling reagents such asdicyclohexylcarbodiimide and additives such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole[Chem. Ber. 1970, 788]. It is also possible to use coupling reagentssuch as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide,1,1′-carbonyl-1H-imidazo and similar compounds.

Coupling reagents which are used for carrying out the synthesis processare all those which are suitable for the preparation of an ester oramide bond (cf. e.g. Bodansky et al., Peptide Synthesis, 2nd ed., Wiley& Sons, New York, 1976; Gross, Meienhofer, The Peptide: Analysis,Synthesis, Biology (Academic Press, New York, 1979).

Furthermore, mixed anhydrides can also be used for the synthesis of(I-1) [J. Am. Chem. Soc 1967, 5012]. In this process it is possible touse various chloroformates, such as, for example, isobutylchloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate. Similarly, diethylacetylchloride, trimethylacetyl chloride and the like can be used for this.

Compounds of the general structure (IV) can be synthesized by reactingan amine of the general structure (III) with activated carboxylic acidderivatives of the general structure (II). In this connection, the sameconditions apply for the choice of solvent, the reaction conditions, thereaction time and the reagents as for the synthesis of (I-1) describedabove.

Reaction scheme 2 shows the general synthesis process B for thesynthesis of the compounds (I-1) according to the invention.

The radicals A₁-A₄, Q and T have the meanings described above. X is anydesired leaving group and Alk is an alkyl radical, such as, for example,methyl or ethyl.

Compounds according to the invention of the type (I-1) can besynthesized by reacting an amine of the general structure (III) withactivated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general structure (VIII).Here, the same conditions apply for the choice of solvent, the reactionconditions, the reaction time and the reagents as for the reaction of(IV) and (V) to give (I-1) described in synthesis process A.

The synthesis of activated carboxylic acid derivatives of the generalstructure (VIII) can take place by a two-stage synthesis from thecorresponding carboxylic acid esters of the general structure (VII). Inthe first step, the carboxylic acid function (O-Alk), protected in theform of an ester, of the compound (VII) is deprotected depending on thealkyl ester used with a suitable reagent [Greene's protective groups inorganic synthesis, 4th edition, P. G. M. Wuts, T. W. Greene, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., Hoboken, N.J.] and the resulting free hydroxy group of theacid function of (VIII-1) is converted to a leaving group X. In thisconnection, the same processes can be used as have already beendescribed in the synthesis of (V). Compounds of the general structure(VII) can be synthesized by reacting amines of the general structure(VI) with activated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general structure(V). Here, the same conditions apply for the selection of the solvent,the reaction conditions, the reaction time, and the reagents as for thesynthesis of (I-1) described in synthesis process A.

If the compounds (I) according to the invention are compounds of thegeneral structures (I-2) and (I-3), the synthesis can take place viasynthesis process C (reaction scheme 3).

The radicals Z¹, Z³ and Q have the meanings described above. Z^(2a) isoptionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substitutedalkenyl or alkynyl or perfluoroalkyl, X is any desired leaving group.

Compounds according to the invention of the general structure (I-3) canbe synthesized from the compounds according to the invention of thegeneral structure (I-2). Here, the iodine atom in the compounds of type(I-2) is replaced, via metal mediation, inter alia by perfluoroalkyl[PCT Int. Appl., 2005095351], aryl [Journal of Organic Chemistry 2007,72(9), 3589-3591; Synthesis 1997, (5), 563-566; Heterocycles 2006,68(11), 2247-2252] and alkenyl [PCT Int. Appl., 2005060749; OrganicProcess Research & Development 2005, 9(5), 694-696; Chemical &Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2005, 53(2), 153-163; Journal of OrganicChemistry 1986, 51(26), 5286-90].

The compounds according to the invention of the general structure (I-2)can be synthesized by reacting activated carboxylic acid derivatives ofthe general structure (V-3) with amines of the general structure (IV).The reaction conditions for this reaction have already been described insynthesis process A for the synthesis of (I-1).

The compounds of the general structure (V-3) can be synthesized in atwo-stage process starting from pyrazolecarboxylic acids of the type(V-1) which can be prepared by processes known in the literature[Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008, 73(9), 3523-3529; Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2005, 15(22), 4898-4906; US2006069270].Here, in the first step, compounds of the formula (V-1) are iodized inthe 4-position with iodine and an oxidizing agent, such as, for examplecerium(IV) ammonium nitrate. The hydroxy function of (V-2) is thenconverted into the leaving group X by those methods already described insynthesis process A for the preparation of (V).

Reaction scheme 4 shows the general synthesis process D for thesynthesis of the compounds (I-4) according to the invention.

Compounds of the general formula (V-4) represent here specialN-heterocyclic carboxylic acids, for example these may be the carboxylicacids of the type (V-4-a) (V-4-ac). It is common to all of thesecarboxylic acids that the chlorine atom, on account of its positionrelative to the nitrogen atoms, is activated for a nucleophilicsubstitution. The radicals A₁-A₄ and Q have the meanings describedabove. X is any desired leaving group. “n”, “t” and “s”, independentlyof one another, are 0-3, where the sum of “s” and “t” is ≦4.

The compounds according to the invention of the general structure (I-4)can be synthesized by the reaction of perfluorinated alcohols of thegeneral structure (X) with chlorine compounds of the general structure(IX). This substitution reaction can be carried out by processes knownin the literature [Pest Management Science 2001; 57(9), 844-851;Canadian Journal of Chemistry 1985, 63(11), 3037-42].

The compounds of the general structure (IX) can be synthesized byreacting amines of the general structure (IV) with activatedheterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives of the general structure (V-4).The reaction conditions for this reaction have already been described insynthesis process A for the synthesis of (I-1).

The preparation of amines of the general structure (IV) takes placeaccording to the method described in synthesis process A by reactingamines of the general structure (III) with activated carboxylic acidderivatives of the general structure (II).

Reaction scheme 5 shows the general synthesis process E for thesynthesis of the compounds according to the invention of the generalstructure (I-5).

The radicals A₁-A₄ and T have the meanings described above. E isoptionally substituted primary and secondary alkyl radicals. Halrepresents a halogen atom, preferably chlorine or bromine.

The compounds according to the invention of the general structure (I-5)can be prepared by a substitution reaction between carboxylic acid ofthe general structure (VIII-1) and halogen compounds of the generalstructure (XI). The reaction can be carried out analogously toprocedures known in the literature [Tetrahedron Letters 2007, 48 (39),6974-6976; International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1987, 39 (1), 75-85].

Reaction scheme 6 shows the general synthesis process F for thesynthesis of the compounds according to the invention of the generalstructure (I-6).

The radicals A₁-A₄, Q and T have the meanings described above. Y isbromine, iodine or triflate. X is any desired leaving group and Alk isan alkyl radical, such as, for example, methyl or ethyl.

Compounds according to the invention of the type (I-1) can besynthesized starting from compounds of the general structure (VII) bythe process described in synthesis process B. Compounds of the generalstructure (VII) can be synthesized, inter alia, by a metal-mediatedcoupling of compounds of the general structure (XII) with carboxamidesof the general structure (V-5). The reaction can be carried outanalogously to known literature procedures [Chemistry—A European Journal2008, 14(12), 3527-3529; Organic Letters 2007, 9(23), 4749-4751; Journalof the American Chemical Society 2002, 124(21), 6043-6048; Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 16(6), 3091-3107].

Activated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula (II) areaccessible from cyclic aminocarboxylic acids of the general formula(II-1) by methods already described in synthesis process A for thesynthesis of (V). Substances of the general formula (II-1) are generallyknown compounds in organic chemistry which can be obtained byestablished synthesis processes. Possible synthesis routes of the cyclicaminocarboxylic acids of the general formula (II-1) are depicted inreaction scheme 7.

Starting materials for the synthesis of aminocarboxylic acids of thegeneral structure (II-1) that may be used are, for example, halogenated(hetero)aromatic nitro and amino compounds, as are represented by theformulae (XII) and (XVII). Here, the leaving group X is replaced by acyano group and this is then acid- or base-hydrolysed. The halogen-cyanoexchange can take place, for example, by a nucleophilic substitution onthe aromatic with a cyanide species such as, for example, sodium cyanide[U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,219] or else via a copper-mediated reaction[Journal of Antibiotics 1994, 47(12), 1456-65].

In the case of the nitro compounds (XVII), a reduction of the nitrofunction into an amino function can then also take place. Suitableprocesses for such reactions are hydrogenations and metal-mediatedreactions such as, for example, tin(II) chloride, iron powder, zincpowder and compounds similar to these.

Hydrogenations can take place in a suitable solvent in the presence of acatalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere (atmospheric pressure or increasedpressure). Catalysts which can be used are palladium catalysts, such as,for example, palladium on carbon, nickel catalysts such as Raney nickel,cobalt catalysts, ruthenium catalysts, rhodium catalysts, platinumcatalysts and compounds similar to these. Suitable solvents are water,alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene and toluene, open-chain or cyclic ethers, such as diethyl ether,dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, and also esters such as ethyl acetate. Thereductions can be carried out in a pressure range from 1 bar to 100 bar,and the temperature can vary between −20° C. and the boiling point ofthe solvent used. Depending on the reaction conditions, the reactiontimes are between a few minutes and 96 hours.

The metal-mediated reductions such as, for example, with tin(II)chloride, can be carried out by a process described in Organic SynthesesColl. Vol. (III), 453.

Furthermore, (hetero)aromatic aminocarboxylic acids of the generalstructure (II-1) can also be synthesized from the corresponding methylprecursors of the type (XIII) by oxidation. Oxidizing agents suitablefor such oxidations are, for example, potassium permanganate, sodiumdichromate, chromium trioxide and compounds similar to these[Tetrahedron Letters 1995, 36(25), 4369-72; Bioorganic & MedicinalChemistry Letters 2001, 17(4), 1043-1046]. Enzymatic processes canlikewise also be used for such oxidations [PCT Int. Appl., 9502061]. Thesubsequently required reduction of the nitro function can be carried outanalogously to the processes described above.

A further method for synthesizing (hetero)aromatic aminocarboxylic acidsof the general structure (II-1) is the nitration of carboxylic acidprecursors represented by the formula (XIV) or (XV) and the subsequentreduction of the nitro function. The nitrations can be carried out byprocesses in the literature [Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie [Annalsof chemistry] 1958, 611, 194-205; Organikum [Organic chemistry],Wiley-VCH, 22nd edition, 358 ff]. The subsequently required reduction ofthe nitro function can be carried out analogously to the processesdescribed above.

Furthermore, (hetero)aromatic aminocarboxylic acids of the generalstructure (II-1) can be prepared from the corresponding (hetero)aryltriflates of the type (XVI) with the help of a palladium-catalyzedprocess [Synthesis 2006, (4), 594-596].

Possible syntheses of the heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives ofthe general formula (V) are depicted in reaction scheme 8.

Heterocyclic carboxylic acids of the general structure (V-5) can besynthesized, inter alia, from methyl derivatives of the general formula(XVIII) by oxidation of the methyl function. Here, the processes alreadymentioned for the oxidation of methyl groups of the compounds of thegeneral structure (XIII) can be used.

Heterocyclic carboxylic acids of the general structure (V-5) can besynthesized from precursors of the general structure (XIX) bydeprotonation with a suitable base and by scavenging the correspondingcarbanion with carbon dioxide [Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2008,51(4), 937-947; Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2007, 17(22),6274-6279]. Suitable bases are, for example, lithium diisopropylamide,n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium and compounds similar to these.

For the above-described process for the synthesis of heterocycliccarboxylic acids of the general structure (V-5), the correspondinghalogenated heterocycles (XX) are likewise suitable. However, thecarbanion here is not generated by deprotonation, but by a metallationreaction [Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2008, 47(2),311-315]. Of suitability for these metallation reactions are preferablyn-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium and isopropylmagnesium chloride.

Heterocyclic carboxylic acids of the general structure (V-5) canlikewise be converted from halogenated precursors of the generalstructure (XX) with the help of palladium-catalysed reactions known inthe literature into the corresponding heterocyclic carboxylic acidesters [Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2007, 80(4), 571-575].

Furthermore, heterocyclic carboxylic acids of the general structure(V-5) can be synthesized from halogenated compounds of the generalstructure (XX) by a substitution reaction of the halogens with cyanidesand subsequent hydrolysis of the nitrile function with strong acid orbases [WO 2005079801].

Heterocyclic activated carboxylic acid derivatives, such as, forexample, carboxylic acid halides, as are represented by the generalstructure V, can be prepared by reacting a cyclic carboxylic acidrepresented by the formula (V-5) with halogenating reagents such asthionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, phosphoryl chloride, oxalyl chloride,phosphorus trichloride, etc. [Organikum [Organic chemistry], Wiley-VCH,22nd edition, 496ff].

Activated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general structure (II) canbe synthesized by generally known literature processes from carboxylicacids of the formula (II-1) [Organikum (Organic chemistry), Wiley-VCH,22nd edition, 496ff; Chem. Ber. 1970, 788; J. Am. Chem. Soc 1967, 5012].The compounds of the formula (II-1) are commercially available or can beprepared by known literature processes [Synthesis 2006, (4), 594-596;Tetrahedron Letters 1995, 36(25), 4369-72; Bioorganic & MedicinalChemistry Letters 2007, 17(4), 1043-1046; PCT Int. Appl., 9502061,Journal of Organic Chemistry 1954, 19, 357-64; WO 2001083459].

Compounds of the general structure III are commercially available and/orcan be prepared by processes generally known in the specialistliterature [Houben-Weyl (1992), Vol. E, 16d, 646ff; Tetrahedron Letters,33(24), 3487-90; 1992].

Compounds of the general structure (V) are generally commerciallyavailable and/or can be synthesized by known Literature processes[Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 51(4), 937-947; Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2007, 17(22), 6274-6279; Russian Journal ofApplied Chemistry 2007, 80(4), 571-575; WO 2005079801; Journal ofOrganic Chemistry 2008, 73(9), 3523-3529; Bioorganic & MedicinalChemistry Letters 2005, 15(22), 4898-4906; US2006069270].

The pyrazolecarboxylic acids of the formula (V-6) are novel and likewiseprovided by the invention.

where, independently of one another,

-   Z^(1a) is 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl,    1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl,    2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl,    pentafluoro-tert-butyl, heptafluoro-n-propyl, heptafluoro-isopropyl,    nonafluoro-n-butyl,    trifluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxydifluoromethyl,    trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethyl,    dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl,    2,2-difluoro-1-methyl-cyclopropyl,-   Z^(2b) is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, methyl,    ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl,    pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoro-n-propyl, ethenyl, 1-propenyl,    2-propenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 4-fluorophenyl and-   Z^(3a) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl,    sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, 1-fluoroethyl,    2-(ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(methoxy)ethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl.

With the exception of the compounds according to the invention of theformula (V-6), compounds with the combinations are

-   1.) Z^(1a)=1,1-difluoroethyl; Z^(2b)=chlorine; Z^(3a)=methyl or-   2.) Z^(1a)=pentafluoroethyl; Z^(2b)=chlorine; Z^(3a)=methyl.

The compounds of the general structure (VI) can be synthesized byprocesses known in the literature from the compounds of the generalstructure (II) [Journal of the American Chemical Society 2001, 123(34),8177-8188; Inorganica Chimica Acta 2006, 359(6), 1912-1922].

Compounds of the general structures (X) to XX are commercially availableand/or known from the relevant specialist literature.

Oxidizing agents for the oxidation of alcoholic groups are known (cf.e.g. oxidation reagents in Organic Synthesis by Oxidation with MetalCompounds, Mijs, de Jonge, Plenum Verlag, New York, 1986; ManganeseCompounds as Oxidizing Agens in Organic Chemistry, Arndt, Open CourtPublishing Company, La Salle, Ill., 1981; The Oxidation of OrganicCompounds by Permanganate Ion and Hexavalent Chromium, Lee, Open CourtPublishing Company, La Salle, Ill., 1980). An oxidation can be carriedout, for example, in the presence of permanganates (e.g. potassiumpermanganate), metal oxides (e.g. manganese dioxide, chromium dioxideswhich are used, for example, in dipyridine-chromium(VI) oxide as Collinsreagent (cf. J. C. Collins et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 30, 3363-3366,1968)). Likewise in the presence of pyridinium chlorochromate (e.g.Corey's reagent) (cf. also R. O. Hutchins et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 48,4167-4170, 1977; D. Landini et al. Synthesis 134-136, 1979) or rutheniumtetroxide (cf. S.-I. Murahashi, N. Komiya Ruthenium-catalyzed Oxidationof Alkenes, Alcohols, Amines, Amides, β-Lactams, Phenols andHydrocarbons, in: Modern Oxidation Methods, Baeckvall, Jan-Erling(Eds.), Wiley-VCH-Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004). Likewise suitable areultrasound-induced oxidation reactions, and the use of potassiumpermanganate (cf. J. Yamawaki et al., Chem. Lett. 3, 379-380, 1983).

For the deblocking/elimination of the protective group PG, all knownsuitable acidic or basic reaction auxiliaries can be used in accordancewith the process method described in the literature. When usingprotective groups for amino groups of the carbamate type, preference isgiven to using acidic reaction auxiliaries. When using thetert-butylcarbamate protective group (BOC group), mixtures of mineralacids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid,sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid or organic acids such as benzoic acid,formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulphonic acid,benzenesulphonic acid or toluenesulphonic acid and a suitable diluentsuch as water and/or an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol ormethanol, for example, are used. Preference is given to mixtures ofhydrochloric acid or acetic acid with water and/or an organic solventsuch as ethyl acetate.

It is known that some reactions and preparation processes can be carriedout particularly well in the presence of diluents or solvents and basicor acidic reaction auxiliaries. Mixtures of the diluents and solventscan likewise be used. The diluents or solvents are advantageously usedin an amount such that the reaction mixture is readily stirrable throughthe entire process.

Suitable diluents and solvents for carrying out the process according tothe invention are in principle all organic solvents that are inert underthe specific reaction conditions. Examples to be mentioned are:halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. chlorinated hydrocarbons, such astetraethylene, tetrachloroethane, dichloropropane, methylene chloride,dichlorobutane, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethane,trichloroethylene, pentachloroethane, difluorobenzene,1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene,chlorotoluene, trichlorobenzene), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol,isopropanol, butanol), ethers (e.g. ethyl propyl ether,methyl-tert-butyl ether, n-butyl ether, anisole, phenetol, cyclohexylmethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropylether, di-n-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether, ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichlorodiethyl etherand polyethers of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide), amines (e.g.trimethyl-, triethyl-, tripropyl-, tributylamine, n-methylmorpholine,pyridine and tetramethylenediamine), nitrohydrocarbons (e.g.nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane, nitrobenzene,chloronitrobenzene, o-nitrotoluene; nitriles, such as acetonitrile,propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile,m-chlorobenzonitrile), tetrahydrothiophene dioxide, dimethyl sulphoxide,tetramethylene sulphoxide, dipropyl sulphoxide, benzylmethyl sulphoxide,diisobutyl sulphoxide, dibutyl sulphoxide, diisoamyl sulphoxide,sulphones (e.g. dimethyl sulphone, diethyl sulphone, dipropyl sulphone,dibutyl sulphone, diphenyl sulphone, dihexyl sulphone, methylethylsulphone, ethylpropyl sulphone, ethylisobutyl sulphone andpentamethylene sulphone), aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatichydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane andtechnical-grade hydrocarbons), also so-called “white spirits” withcomponents having boiling points in the range of, for example, 40° C. to250° C., cymene, benzine fractions within the boiling interval from 70°C. to 190° C., cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroin,octane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, nitrobenzene,xylene, esters (e.g. methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,isobutyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, ethylenecarbonate); amides (e.g. hexamethylenephosphoramide, formamide,N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dipropylformamide,N,N-dibutylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylcaprolactam,1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidine, octylpyrrolidone,octylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinedione, N-formylpiperidine,1,4-diformylpiperazine) and ketones (e.g. acetone, acetophenone, methylethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone).

Basic reaction auxiliaries for carrying out the process according to theinvention that may be used are all suitable acid binders. Examples to bementioned are: alkaline earth metal or alkali metal compounds (e.g.hydroxides, hydrides, oxides and carbonates of lithium, sodium,potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium), amidine bases or guanidinebases (e.g. 7-methyl-1,5,7-triaza-bicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene (MTBD);diazabicyclo(4.3.0)nonene (DBN), diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO),1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undecene (DBU), cyclohexyltetrabutylguanidine(CyTBG), cyclohexyltetramethylguanidine (CyTMG),N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,8-naplithalenediamine, pentamethylpiperidine) andamines, in particular tertiary amines (e.g. triethylamine,trimethylamine, tribenzylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine,tricyclohexylamine, triamylamine, trihexylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline,N,N-dimethyltoluidine, N,N-dimethyl-p-aminopyridine,N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylimidazole,N-methylpyrazole, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylhexamethylenediamine,pyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, quinoline,α-picoline, β-picoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, acridine,N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylenediamine,quinoxaline, N-propyl-diisopropylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine,N,N′-dimethylcyclohexylamine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine ortriethyldiamine).

Acidic reaction auxiliaries for carrying out the processes according tothe invention that may be used are all mineral acids (e.g. halohydricacids such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid orhydroiodic acid, and also sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorusacid, nitric acid), Lewis acids (e.g. aluminium(III) chloride, borontrifluoride or its etherate, titanium(V) chloride, tin(V) chloride, andorganic acids (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, malonicacid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, stearic acid,tartaric acid, oleic acid, methanesulphonic acid, benzoic acid,benzenesulphonic acid or para-toluenesulphonic acid.

If protective groups are provided in the reaction schemes, all generallyknown protective groups can be used. In particular those which aredescribed by Greene T. W., Wuts P. G. W. in Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis; John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999, “Protection for the hydroxylgroup including 1,2- and 1,3-diols”.

Also suitable are protective groups

of the substituted methyl ether type (e.g. methoxymethyl ether (MOM),methyl thiomethyl ether (MTM), (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl ether(SNOM-OR), benzyloxymethyl ether (BOM-OR), para-methoxybenzyloxymethylether (PMBM-OR), para-nitrobenzyloxymethyl ether,ortho-nitrobenzyloxymethyl ether (NBOM-OR), (4-methoxyphenoxy)methylether (p-AOM-OR), guaiacol methyl ether (GUM-OR), tert-butoxymethylether, 4-pentyloxymethyl ether (POM-OR), silyloxymethyl ether,2-methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM-OR), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl ether,bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl ether, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl ether(SEM-OR), methoxymethyl ether (MM-OR));

of the substituted ethyl ether type (e.g. 1-ethoxyethyl ether (EE-OR),1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl ether (CEE-OR),1-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]ethyl ether (SEE-OR),1-methyl-1-methoxyethyl ether (MIP-OR), 1-methyl-1-benzyloxyethyl ether(MBE-OR), 1-methyl-1-benzyloxy-2-fluoroethyl ether (MIP-OR),1-methyl-1-phenoxyethyl ether, 2,2-trichloroethyl ether,1,1-dianisyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl ether (DATE-OR),1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenylisopropyl ether (HIP-OR),2-trimethylsilylethyl ether, 2-(benzylthio)ethyl ether,2-(phenylselenyl)ethyl ether), of an ether type (e.g. tetrahydropyranylether (THP-OR), 3-bromotetrahydropyranyl ether (3-BrTHP-OR),tetrahydrothiopyranyl ether, 1-methoxycyclohexyl ether, 2- and 4-picolylether, 3-methyl-2-picolyl N-oxido ether, 2-quinolinylmethyl ether(Qm-OR), 1-pyrenylmethyl ether, diphenylmethyl ether (DPM-OR),para,para′-dinitrobenzhydryl ether (DNB-OR), 5-dibenzosuberyl ether,triphenylmethyl ether (Tr-OR), alpha-naphthyldiphenylmethyl ether,para-methoxy-phenyldiphenylmethyl ether (MMTrOR),di(para-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl ether (DMTr-OR),tri(para-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl ether (TMTr-OR),4-(4′-bromophenacyloxy)phenyldiphenylmethyl ether,4,4′,4″-tris(4,5-dichlorophthalimidophenyl)methyl ether (CPTr-OR),4,4′,4″-tris(benzoyloxyphenyl)methyl ether (TBTr-OR),4,4′-dimethoxy-3″-[N-(imidazolyl-methyl)trityl ether (IDTr-OR),4,4′-dimethoxy-3″-N-(imidazolylethyl)carbamoyl]trityl ether (IETr-OR),1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1′-pyrenylmethyl ether (Bmpm-OR), 9-anthrylether, 9-(9-phenyl)xanthenyl ether (Pixyl-OR),9-(9-phenyl-10-oxo)anthryl (tritylon ether), 4-methoxytetrahydropyranylether (MTHP-OR), 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl ether,4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl S,S-dioxide,1-[(2-chloro-4-methyl)phenyl]-4-methoxypiperidin-4-yl ether (CTMP-OR),1-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methoxypiperidin-4-yl ether (Fpmp-OR),1,4-dioxan-2-yl ether, tetrahydrofuranyl ether, tetrahydrothiofuranylether,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanebenzofuran-2-ylether (MBF-OR), tert-butyl ether, allyl ether, propargyl ether,para-chlorophenyl ether, para-methoxyphenyl ether, para-nitrophenylether, para-2,4-dinitrophenyl ether (DNP-OR),2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ether, benzyl ether(Bn-OR));

of the substituted benzyl ether type (e.g. para-methoxybenzyl ether(MPM-OR), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ether (DMPM-OR), orthonitrobenzyl ether,para-nitrobenzyl ether, para-halobenzyl ether, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl ether,para-aminoacylbenzyl ether (PAB-OR), para-azidobenzyl ether (Azb-OR),4-azido-3-chlorobenzyl ether, 2-trifluoromethylbenzyl ether,para-(methylsulphinyl)benzyl ether (Msib-OR));

of the silyl ether type (e.g. trimethylsilyl ether (TMS-OR),triethylsilyl ether (TES-OR), triisopropylsilyl ether (TIPS-OR),dimethylisopropylsilyl ether (IPDMS-OR), diethylisopropylsilyl ether(DEIPS-OR), dimethylhexylsilyl ether (TDS-OR), tert-butyldimethylsilylether (TBDMS-OR), tert-buyldiphenylsilyl ether (TBDPS-OR),tribenzylsilyl ether, tri-para-xylylsilyl ether, triphenylsilyl ether(TPS-OR), diphenylmethylsilyl ether (DPMS-OR), di-tert-butylmethylsilylether (DTBMS-OR), tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl ether (sisyl ether),di-tert-butylmethylsilyl ether (DTBMS-OR), tris(trimethylsilyl)silylether (sisyl ether), (2-hydroxystyryl)dimethylsilyl ether (HSDMS-OR),(2-hydroxystyryl)diisopropylsilyl ether (HSDIS-OR),tert-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl ether (TBMPS-OR), tert-butoxydiphenylsilylether (DPTBOS-OR));

of the ester type (e.g. formate ester, benzoylformate ester, acetateester (Ac-OR), chloroacetate ester, dichloracetate ester,trichloracetate ester, trifluoracetate ester, (TFA-OR), methoxyacetateester, triphenylmethoxyacetate ester, phenoxyacetate ester,para-chlorophenoxyacetate ester, phenylacetate ester, diphenylacetateester (DPA-OR), nicotinate ester, 3-phenylpropionate ester, 4-pentoateester, 4-oxopentoate ester (levulinate) (Lev-OR)4,4-(ethyleneditbio)pentanoate ester (LevS-OR),5-[3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)hydroxymethoxyphenoxy]levulinate ester,pivaloate ester (Pv-OR), 1-adamantanoate ester, crotonate ester,4-methoxycrotonate ester, benzoate ester (Bz-OR), para-phenylbenzoateester, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate ester (mesitoate),4-(methylthio-methoxy)butyrate ester (MTMB-OR),2-(methylthiornethoxymethyl)benzoate ester (MTMT-OR),

of the ester type (e.g. methyl carbonate, methoxymethyl carbonate,9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc-OR), ethyl carbonate,2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc-OR),1,1-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonat (TCBOC-OR),2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate (TMSEC-OR), 2-(phenylsulphonyl)ethylcarbonate (Psec-OR), 2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethyl carbonate (Peoc-OR),tert-butyl carbonate (Boc-OR), isobutyl carbonate, vinyl carbonate,allyl carbonate (Aloe-OR), para-nitrophenyl carbonate, benzyl carbonate(Z-OR), para-methoxybenzyl carbonate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl carbonate,ortho-nitrobenzyl carbonate, para-nitrobenzyl carbonate, 2-dansylethylcarbonate (Dnseoc-OR), 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl carbonate (Npeoc-OR),2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethyl carbonate (Dnpeoc)), and

of the sulphate type (e.g. allylsulphonate (Als-OR), methanesulphonate(Ms-OR), benzylsulphonate, tosylate (Ts-OR),2-[(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]sulphonate (Npes-OR)).

Suitable catalysts for carrying out a catalytic hydrogenation in theprocess according to the invention are all customary hydrogenationcatalysts, such as, for example, platinum catalysts (e.g. platinumplate, platinum sponge, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinumoxide, platinum wire), palladium catalysts (e.g. palladium sponge,palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium-carbon, colloidal palladium,palladium-barium sulphate, palladium-barium carbonate, palladiumhydroxide), nickel catalysts (e.g. reduced nickel, nickel oxide, Raneynickel), ruthenium catalysts, cobalt catalysts (e.g. reduced cobalt,Raney cobalt), copper catalysts (e.g. reduced copper, Raney copper,Ullmann copper). Preference is given to using noble metal catalysts(e.g. platinum and palladium or ruthenium catalysts), which areoptionally applied to a suitable support (e.g. carbon or silicon),rhodium catalysts (e.g. tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride inthe presence of triphenylphosphine). In addition, “chiral hydrogenationcatalysts” (e.g. those which contain chiral diphosphine ligands, such as(2S,3S)-(−)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane [(S,S)-chiraphos] or(R)-(+)-2,2′ or (S)-(−)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene[R(+)-BINAP and S(−)-BINAP]) can be used, as the result of which thefraction of one isomer in the isomer mixture is increased and theappearance of another isomer is almost completely suppressed.

The preparation of salts of the compounds according to the inventiontakes place by standard processes. Representative acid addition saltsare, for example, those which are formed by reaction with inorganicacids, such as, for example, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid,hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid or organic carboxylic acids such asacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, butyricacid, lactic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid,camphoric acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, propionic acid, glycolicacid, glutaric acid, stearic acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, tartaricacid, cinnamic acid, valeric acid, picric acid, benzoic acid or organicsulphonic acids such as methanesulphonic acid and 4-toluenesulphonicacid.

Also representative are salts of compounds according to the inventionwhich are formed from organic bases, such as, for example, pyridine ortriethylamines, or those which are formed from inorganic bases, such as,for example, hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, lithium,calcium, magnesium or barium if the compound of the general formula (I)has a structural element suitable for this salt formation.

Synthesis methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic N-oxides andtert-amines are known. They can be obtained with peroxy acids (e.g.peracetic acid and meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogenperoxide), alkyl hydroperoxides (e.g. tert-butyl hydroperoxide), sodiumperborate and dioxiranes (e.g. dimethyldioxirane). These methods aredescribed, for example, by T. L. Gilchrist, in Comprehensive OrganicSynthesis, Vol. 7, p. 748-750, 1992, S. V. Ley, (Ed.), Pergamon Press;M. Tisler, B. Stanovnik, in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol.3, p. 18-20, 1984, A. J. Boulton, A. McKillop, (Eds.), Pergamon Press;M. R. Grimmett, B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry,Vol. 43, p. 149-163, 1988, A. R. Katritzky, (Ed.), Academic Press; M.Tisler, B. Stanovnik, in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. 9, p.285-291, 1968, A. R. Katritzky, A. J. Boulton (Eds.), Academic Press; G.W. H. Cheeseman, E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in HeterocyclicChemistry, Vol. 22, p. 390-392, 1978, A. R. Katritzky, A. J. Boulton,(Eds.), Academic Press.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Synthesis Process A Example (Ik-1)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

560 mg (1.79 mmol) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acidare suspended in 10 ml of dichloromethane. The suspension is cooled to0° C. and then subsequently admixed with 0.02 ml ofN,N-dimethylformamide and 188 μl (2.15 mmol) of oxalyl chloride. Thereaction mixture is stirred firstly for 0.5 h at 0° C. and then for 3hours at room temperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressureon a rotary evaporator. The resulting1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride is used for the subsequent synthesis step without furtherwork-up.

95.3 mg (0.45 mmol) of 5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamide, 3.7 mg(0.03 mmol) of N,N-dimethylpyridine-4-amine are dissolved in 2.5 ml ofethyl acetate. The solution is cooled to 0° C. using an ice bath andadmixed with 158 μl (0.91 mmol) of N-ethyldiisopropylamine. 100 mg (0.30mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride are suspended in 2.5 ml of ethyl acetate and then added to thecooled reaction solution. The reaction mixture is heated for four hoursat 50° C. and then stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. Thereaction solution is diluted with 10.0 ml of ethyl acetate. The organicphase is washed three times with 1M hydrochloric acid, twice with 1Msodium hydroxide solution and once with saturated sodium chloridesolution. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and filteredand solvent is removed under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator.This gives 151 mg ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(97%) as white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitile): δ=9.35 (br. s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.65(dd, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.94 (br. s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.82 (m, 1H),0.76 (m, 2H), 0.58 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=334; mass (m/z)=505 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ib-27)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

In 10 ml of dichloromethane, 467 mg of4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid areadmixed with two drops of N,N-dimethylformamide and cooled to 0° C.Following the dropwise addition of 167 μl of oxalyl chloride, thereaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for three hours and thenconcentrated by evaporation. This gives the crude product4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride.

63 mg (0.3 mmol) of 5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamide, 3.1 mg(0.025 mmol) of N,N-dimethylpyridine-4-amine are dissolved in 2 ml ofethyl acetate. The solution is cooled to 0° C. using an ice bath andadmixed with 96.9 mg (750 mmol) of N-ethyldiisopropylamine. 77.6 mg(0.25 mmol) of4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride(is used as crude product) are dissolved or suspended in 2 ml ofabsolute ethyl acetate and then added to the cooled reaction solution.The reaction mixture is heated for four hours at 50° C. and then furtherstirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction solution isdiluted with 8 ml of ethyl acetete. The organic phase is washed twicewith 1M hydrochloric acid, once with 1M sodium hydroxide solution andonce with saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase is driedover sodium sulphate and filtered and solvent is removed under reducedpressure on a rotary evaporator.

This gives 112 mg ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide(92%) as white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=10.91 (br. s, 1H), 9.56 (s, 1H), 8.33 (m,1H, 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.33 (t, 1H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m,2H), 0.53 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.92 mass (m/z)=485 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-124)N-{4-Chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

250 mg (0.84 mmol) of3-(pentafluaroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acidare suspended in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane and, in succession, admixedwith one drop of N,N-dimethylformamide and 219 μl (2.52 mmol) of oxalylchloride. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at roomtemperature and for 30 minutes under reflux. The solvent is removedunder reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. The resulting product3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chlorideis used for the following synthesis step without further purification.

A suspension of 212 mg (0.84 mmol) of5-amino-2-chloro-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzamide and 168 mg (1.26mmol) of silver(I) cyanide in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane is admixed witha solution of 265 mg (0.84 mmol) of3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloridein 3.0 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for 16 h at room temperature.The suspension is then filtered over silica gel and the product iseluted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (1:1). Thesolvents are removed under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator andthe resulting crude product is taken up in ethyl acetate. The organicphase is washed successively twice with 1M hydrochloric acid and oncewith saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase is then driedover magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation underreduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. The crude product is thentriturated with a mixture of dichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl etherand cyclohexane (1:1:1). The crude product obtained from the motherliquor is then purified by means of preparative HPLC. In this way, 49 mgofN-{4-chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(11%) were obtained as a colourless solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.09 (br. s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H),7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.23 (br. s, 1H), 4.03-4.12 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.26 mass (m/z)=533 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-125)N-{4-Chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

50 mg (0.19 mmol) of1-methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid aresuspended in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane and, in succession, admixed withone drop of N,N-dimethylformamide and 50 μl (2.52 mmol) of oxalylchloride. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at roomtemperature and for 30 minutes under reflux. The solvent is removedunder reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. The resulting product1-methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloride isused for the subsequent synthesis step without further purification.

A suspension of 53 mg (0.21 mmol) of5-amino-2-chloro-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzamide and 38 mg (0.29 mmol)of silver(I) cyanide in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane is admixed with asolution of 53 mg (0.19 mmol) of3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloridein 3.0 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for 16 h at room temperature.The suspension is then filtered over silica gel and the product iseluted with a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Theorganic phase is washed successively three times with 1M hydrochloricacid, twice with 1M sodium hydroxide solution and once with saturatedsodium chloride solution. The organic phase is then dried over magnesiumsulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation under reducedpressure on a rotary evaporator. The crude product is then trituratedwith cyclohexane, the cyclohexane is decanted and the product is driedin vacuo. In this way, 63 mg ofN-{4-chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(66%) were obtained as a beige solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.10 (br. s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H),7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.23 (br. s, 1H), 4.02-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.98(s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.25 mass (m/z)=497 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-233)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-[cyclopropyl(fluoro)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

515 mg (1.86 mmol) of4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride areadded to a solution of 410 mg (1.55 mmol) of3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid and 327 mg (1.55 mmol) of 5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamidein tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and the mixture is stirred for six hours atroom temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation,admixed with water, extracted with dichloromethane and the combinedorganic phases are dried over sodium sulphate. Following concentrationby evaporation in vacuo, the solid is washed with dichloromethane togive 308 mg of(N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(44%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO); δ=11.10 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.67 (m, 2H),7.45 (d, 1H), 5.12 (br. s, 1H), 4.02 (br. d, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.83 (m,1H), 1.36 (m, 1H), 0.77 (m, 2H), 0.51 (m, 3H), 0.44 (m, 2H), 0.20 (m,1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.00; mass (m/z) 439 [M−H₂O+H]⁺.

Starting fromN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-3-[cyclopropyl(fluoro)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamideis prepared analogously to the preparation of ethyl3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=11.10 (s, 1H), 8.34 (br. d, 1H), 7.66-7.68(m, 2H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 4.87 (dd, 1H), 2.80-2.86 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.65 (m,1H), 0.67-0.76 (m, 5H), 0.51-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.34-0.39 (m, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.76; mass (m/z) 439 [M−F+H]⁺.

Synthesis Process B Example (Ik-2)2-Chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoicacid

6.74 g (36.3 mmol) of methyl 5-amino-2-chlorobenzoate, 0.22 g (1.8 mmol)of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine and 9.49 ml (54.4 mmol) ofN-ethyldiisopropylamine are dissolved in 50.0 ml of ethyl acetate andcooled to 0° C. A solution of 6.0 g (18.1 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride in 100 ml of ethyl acetate is added over the course of an hourto this reaction mixture. When the addition is complete, the reactionmixture is stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reactionmixture is diluted with 250 ml of ethyl acetate and the organic phase isthen washed three times with in each case 100 ml of 1M hydrochloricacid, three times with 1M sodium hydroxide solution and once withsaturated sodium chloride solution.

This gives 8.0 g of a mixture of methyl2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoateand methyl5-(bis{[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-2-chlorobenzoatein the ratio 6:4.

Methyl2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoate:

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.05; mass (m/z)=480 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl5-(bis{[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-2-chlorobenzoate:

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=5.85; mass (m/z)=790 [M−H+H₂O]⁻.

8.0 g of the product mixture from the synthesis of methyl2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzeoateare suspended in 150 ml of methanol and then admixed with 15.6 ml of 2Msodium hydroxide solution. The reaction mixture is stirred for 16 hoursat room temperature and then slowly dripped into a mixture of 150 ml of1M hydrochloric acid and 250 ml of ice. When the addition is complete,the mixture is stirred for a further one hour. The white precipitatewhich forms is filtered off and washed with cold water. After drying thesolid in an oil pump vacuum, it is suspended in 50 ml of warm ethylacetate and then precipitated out again by slowly adding 500 ml ofcyclohexane. The precipitate is filtered off and dried.

This gives 4.55 g of2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoicacid (54%) as white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.17 (br. s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H),7.73 (dd, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.22; mass (m/z)=466 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-3)N-[4-Chloro-3-(prop-2-yn-1-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

70 mg (0.15 mmol) of2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoicacid are suspended in 2.0 ml of dichloromethane and then admixed insuccession with 20.3 mg (0.15 mmol) of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 28.8 mg(0.20 mmol) of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride and 52.3 μL (0.30 mmol) of N-ethyldiisopropylamine. Thereaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature and thenadmixed with 13.4 μL (0.20 mmol) of propargylamine. The reaction mixtureis afterstirred overnight at room temperature and then concentratedunder reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. The crude product is thenpurified by means of preparative HPLC (C18, Saphir 110, 5 μm, 20×125 mm;gradient: 0-1.5 min 94% water, 5% acetonitrile, 1% formic acid, 1.5-6.0min linear gradient to 4% water, 95% acetonitrile, 1% formic acid,6.0-14.0 min 4% water, 95% acetonitrile, 1% formic acid).

This gives 57 mg ofN-[4-chloro-3-(prop-2-yn-1-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(75%) as white solid.

HPLC-MS^(b)): log P=3.11; mass (m/z)=503 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-127)N-{3-Bromo[2-(1R,2S)-2-fluorocycloprop-1-ylcarbamoyl]pyrid-6-yl}-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

528 mg (1.59 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride and a suspension of 214 mg of silver(I) cyanide in 13.4 ml ofacetonitrile are added to a solution of 369 mg (1.59 mmol) of methyl6-amino-3-bromopyridine-2-carboxylate (cf. WO 2008/084717) in 13.4 ml ofdichloromethane. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 24 hours atroom temperature. The reaction mixture is then filtered and the solventmixture is stripped off in vacuo. The remaining residue is purified bymeans of column chromatography over silica gel using the eluent mixturecyclohexane:acetone (gradient). This gives 302 mg of methyl3-bromo-6-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylate(34%).

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.06; mass (m/z)=527 [M+H]⁺.

425 mg (0.80 mmol) of methyl3-bromo-6-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylateare suspended in 13.6 ml of methanol and then admixed with 0.60 ml of 2Msodium hydroxide solution. The reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hoursat 50° C. The reaction mixture is then taken up in ethyl acetate andshaken once against 1M hydrochloric acid. The organic phase is separatedoff, dried and concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. This gives 360 mgof3-bromo-6-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylicacid (65%; purity: 75% strength), which can be used without furtherpurification for subsequent reactions.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.78; mass (m/z)=513 [M+H]⁺.

400 mg (783 μmol) of3-bromo-6-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylicacid are suspended in 36 ml of dichloromethane and then admixed insuccession with 193 mg (783 μmol) of (1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropanaminium4-methylbenzenesulphonate, 387 mg (1.02 mmol) of2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU) and 388 μl (2.35 mmol) ofN-ethyldiisopropylamine. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 hours atroom temperature. For work-up, the reaction mixture is washed insuccession with 1M hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonatesolution. The organic phase is separated off, dried over sodium sulphateand concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The remaining residue ispurified by means of column chromatography on silica gel using theeluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). This gives 228 mg ofN-{3-bromo-[2-(1R,2S)-2-fluorocycloprop-1-yl-carbamoyl]pyrid-6-yl}-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(51%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.40 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 4.78 (m, 1H),4.11 (s, 3H), 3.18 (br. s, 1H), 1.15-1.21 (m, 2H) ppm.

¹³C-NMR (600 MHz, d₆-DMSO; 328K): δ=147.5; 143.9; 140.0; 121.5; 118.8;108.8; 82.1; 69.8; 53.4; 38.9; 25.0; 11.4 ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.29; mass (m/z)=568, 570 [M+1]⁺.

Example (Ik-128)5-Bromo-N-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinamide

The reaction with methyl 2-amino-5-bromoisonicotinate (cf. WO2006/020830; bromination of methyl 2-aminoisonicotinate) takes placeanalogously to the reaction procedure in Example Ik-127 using:

738 mg (3.19 mmol) of methyl 2-amino-5-bromoisonicotinate in 26.8 ml ofdichloromethane,1056 mg (3.19 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride,428 mg of silver(I) cyanide in26.8 ml of acetonitrile.

The remaining residue is purified by means of column chromatography oversilica gel using the eluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). Thisgives 250 mg of methyl5-bromo-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-isonicotinate(15%).

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.04; mass (m/z)=527 [M+H]⁺.

The subsequent ester cleavage takes place analogously to the reactionprocedure in Example (Ik-127) using:

335 mg (0.82 mmol) of methyl5-bromo-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinate,15.2 ml of methanol,1.24 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide solution.

This gives 380 mg of5-bromo-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinicacid (85%), which can be used without further purification forsubsequent reactions.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.85; mass (m/z)=513 [M+H]⁺.

The reaction of the5-bromo-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinicacid takes place analogously to the reaction procedure in Example(Ik-127) using:

100 mg (196 μmol) of5-bromo-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinicacid, 9.0 ml of dichloromethane, 48.3 mg (196 μmol) of(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropanaminium 4-methylbenzenesulphonate, 96.6 mg(254 μmol) of HATU, 0.097 ml (587 μmol) of Hünig's base.

The remaining residue is purified by means of column chromatography onsilica gel using the eluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). Thisgives 89.4 mg of5-bromo-N-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinamide(80%).

¹H-NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.65 (br. s, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H),8.22 (d, 1H), 4.75 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.88 (br. s, 1H), 1.01-1.22(m, 2H) ppm.

¹³C-NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=157.5; 151.8; 150.7; 148.3; 137.1;114.2; 113.4; 111.2; 70.8; 39.6; 26.4; 12.2 ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.19; mass (m/z)=568, 570 [M+1]⁺.

Example (Ik-129)5-Chloro-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinicacid

1.50 g (9.85 mmol) of methyl 2-aminoisonicotinate (commerciallyavailable) are stirred in 15 ml of dimethylformamide and admixed at atemperature of −18° C. in portions with 1.83 g (13.8 mol) ofN-chlorosuccinimide. The mixture is then stirred for a further hour at−18° C. For work-up, the total reaction mixture is taken up in ethylacetate and shaken against an aqueous sodium thiosulphate solution. Theorganic phase is then washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The remaining residue is purifiedby means of column chromatography on silica gel using the eluent mixturecyclohexane:acetone (gradient). This gives 383 mg of methyl2-amino-5-chloroisonicotinate (16%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.00 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.25 (br. s,2H), 3.85 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.30; mass (m/z)=187 [M+H]⁺.

Moreover, 500 mg of methyl 2-amino-3,5-dichloroisonicotinate (23%) werealso isolated as by-product.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.04 (s, 1H), 6.62 (br. s, 2H), 3.92 (s,3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.75; mass (m/z)=221 [M+1]⁺.

The reaction with methyl 2-amino-5-chloroisonicotinate takes placeanalogously to the reaction procedure in Example (Ik-127) using:

601 mg (3.21 mmol) of methyl 2-amino-5-chloroisonicotinate in 28.0 ml ofdichloromethane,1064 mg (3.21 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride,431 mg of silver(I) cyanide in 28.0 ml of acetonitrile.

The remaining residue is purified by means of column chromatography onsilica gel using the eluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). Thisgives 563 mg of methyl5-chloro-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-isonicotinate(36%).

The subsequent ester cleavage takes place analogously to the reactionprocedure in Example (Ik-127) using:

563 mg (1.17 mmol) of methyl5-chloro-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinate,15.3 ml of methanol,1.57 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide solution.

This gives 542 mg of5-chloro-2-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)isonicotinicacid (97%; purity: 98% strength), which can be used for subsequentreactions without further purification.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.82; mass (m/z)=467 [M+1]⁺.

Example (Ik-130)N-[2-(2,2-Difluorocycloprop-1-ylcarbamoyl)pyrid-4-yl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

The reaction with methyl 4-aminopyridine-2-carboxylate (cf. WO2001/074788) takes place analogously to the reaction procedure inExample (Ik-127) using:

486 mg (3.19 mmol) of methyl 4-aminopyridine-2-carboxylate in 26.8 ml ofdichloromethane,1056 mg (3.19 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonylchloride,428 mg of silver(I) cyanide in26.8 ml of acetonitrile.

The remaining residue is purified by means of column chromatography onsilica gel using the eluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). Thisgives 984 mg of methyl4-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylate(69%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.67 (d, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H),4.03 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.01; mass (m/z)=447 [M+H]⁺.

The subsequent ester cleavage takes place analogously to the reactionprocedure in Example (Ik-127) using:

900 mg (2.01 mmol) of methyl4-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylate,25.0 ml of methanol,1.51 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide solution.

This gives 807 mg of4-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylicacid (58%; purity: 63%), which can be used for subsequent reactions.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.06; mass (m/z)=433 [M+H]⁺.

The reaction of4-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}-amino)pyridine-2-carboxylicacid takes place analogously to the reaction procedure in Example(Ik-127) using:

150 mg (347 mop of4-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-2-carboxylicacid,13.5 ml of dichloromethane,85.8 mg (1.50 mmol) of 2,2-difluorocyclopropylamine,171.4 mg (451 μmol) of HATU,172 μl (587 μmol) of Hünig's base.

The remaining residue is purified firstly by means of columnchromatography on silica gel using the eluent mixturecyclohexane:acetone (gradient) and then by means of preparative HPLCusing the eluent mixture acetone:water (neutral). This gives 68 mg ofN-[2-(2,2-difluorocycloprop-1-ylcarbamoyl)pyrid-4-yl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (38%).

¹H-NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.55 (br. s, 1H), 8.31 (br. s, 1H),8.56 (d, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 7.81 (dd, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.47 (br. s,1H), 1.64-1.93 (m, 2H) ppm.

¹³C-NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=166.0; 157.8; 151.6; 150.9; 146.6;140.4; 137.2; 121.8; 119.6; 117.2; 112.8; 112.7; 111.2; 109.6; 39.8;31.3; 18.1 ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.59; mass (m/z)=508 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-131)2-Chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)nicotinic acid

The reaction with methyl 5-amino-2-chloronicotinate (cf. WO 2006/050506)takes place analogously to the reaction procedure in Example (Ik-127)using:

601 mg (3.21 mmol) of methyl 5-amino-2-chloronicotinate in 28.0 ml ofdichloromethane,1.06 g (3.19 mmol) of1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyfazole-5-carbonylchloride,431 mg of silver(I) cyanide in28.0 ml of acetonitrile.

The remaining residue is purified by means of column chromatography onsilica gel using the eluent mixture cyclohexane:acetone (gradient). Thisgives 980 mg of methyl2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)nicotinate(62%).

¹H-/¹³C-correlation (HMQC) NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=8.75 (s,1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H) ppm.

¹³C-NMR (600 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=164.2; 156.3; 143.5; 143.3; 140.2;135.5; 134.0; 131.0; 126.6; 120.8; 118.3; 110.1; 109.6; 53.4; 39.3 ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.70; mass (m/z)=481 [M+H]⁺.

The subsequent ester cleavage takes place analogously to the reactionprocedure in Example (Ik-127) using:

940 mg (1.95 mmol) of methyl2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)nicotinate,32.8 ml of methanol,2.93 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide solution.

This gives 912 mg of2-chloro-5-({[1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)pyridine-3-carboxylicacid (96%; purity: 96% strength), which can be used for subsequentreactions without further purification.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.27; mass (m/z)=467 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis Process C Example (Ik-4)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

0.49 g (2.34 mmol) of 4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)aniline dissolvedin 0.5 ml of dioxane are added dropwise to a solution of 1.28 g (2.34mmol) of 4-iodo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazolecarboxylic acidand 0.54 g (2.81 mmol) of 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimidehydrochloride in 20 ml of dioxane and the reaction mixture is stirredfor three days at room temperature. The majority of the dioxane isdistilled off at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and the residueis admixed with 20 ml of water. The aqueous phase is extracted threetimes with ethyl acetate and the organic phase is then washed threetimes with saturated sodium chloride solution. After drying over sodiumsulphate, the solvent is distilled off at reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator and the residue is purified by means of flash chromatographyon silica gel (eluent: cyclohexaneethyl acetate). This gives 0.70 g ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(53%) as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=8.84 (br. s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H),7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.80 (br. s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m,1H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.16; mass (m/z)=563 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-5)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-ethenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-carboxamide

In succession, 18.5 mg (0.016 mmol) oftetrakis(triphenylphoshine)palladium, 0.044 g (0.320 mmol) of potassiumcarbonate in 1 ml of water, and 0.077 g (320 μmol) of2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxane pyridine complex are added to a solutionof 180 mg (0.32 mmol) ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamidefrom Example Ik-4 in 3 ml of dimethoxyethane, and the reaction mixtureis heated under reflux for 20 hours. The solvent is completely distilledoff at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and the residue ispurified by means of flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent:cyclohexaneethyl acetate; gradient: 2 hours, from 0% to 100% ethylacetate). This gives 0.107 g ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-ethenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(70%) as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=8.78 (br. s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H),7.62 (dd, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 6.79 6.71 (m, 2H), 5.46 (m, 1H), 5.43 (m,1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 0.92 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.11, mass (m/z)=463 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ik-126)N-{4-Chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

36.2 mg (0.19 mmol) of copper(I) iodide and 8.8 mg (0.15 mmol) ofpotassium fluoride are initially introduced in a heat-dried vial underargon, and 4 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide and 70.0 mg (0.12 mmol) ofN-{4-chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethoxy)-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamideand 36.0 mg (254 μmol) of trifluoromethyltrimethyl-silane are added. Thereaction mixture is degassed in the ultrasound, flushed with argon andthe closed vial is heated at 80° C. for two hours. The reaction solutionis poured onto water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phaseis dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporationon a rotary evaporator. Chromatographic purification on silica gel gives8.00 mg ofN-{4-chloro-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide(13%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=11.18 (s, 1H), 9.02 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H),7.53 (d, 1H), 7.38 (t, 1H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.01; mass (m/z) 495 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis Process D Example (Ib-2)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid and5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamide are coupled by the methoddescribed in synthesis process A. This gives2-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.35 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, 1H), 7.67 (m, 1H),7.64 (s, 1H), 7.47 (dd, 1H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 2H), 0.55 (m, 2H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)); log P=2.36; mass (m/z)=419 [M+H]⁺.

105 mg (250 μmol) of2-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamideand 67.5 mg (675 μmol) of trifluoroethanol are dissolved in 5 ml ofacetonitrile. At −5° C., 64.5 mg (575 μmol) are added in portions. Thereaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and thenadmixed with 5 ml of 1M hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase isextracted twice with 5 ml of ethyl acetate, then dried over sodiumsulphate and filtered and the solvent is removed under reduced pressureon a rotary evaporator. The residue is purified by means of flashchromatography over silica gel (eluent:cyclohexaneethyl acetate: 2/1).

This gives 60 mg ofN-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide(50%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=10.78 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H),7.66 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, 1H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.76; mass (m/z)=483 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

Example (Ii-7)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide

5-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid and5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamide are coupled by the methoddescribed in preparation process A. This gives5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=10.80 (s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H),8.31 (d, 1H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.44 (dd, 1H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 2H),0.53 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.55; mass (m/z)=418[M+H]⁺.

Analogously to the preparation of (M−2),N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamideis synthesized from5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamideand 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with the addition of 0.2 equivalents of18-crown-6.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.78 (s, 1H), 8.57 (d, 1H), 7.87(d, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.77 (dd, 1H), 7.42 (dd, 1H), 6.90 (bs, 1H), 4.77(q, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 1H), 0.58 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.90; mass (m/z)=482 [M+H]⁺.

Example (Ij-1)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide

2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid and5-amino-2-chloro-N-cyclopropylbenzamide are coupled by the methoddescribed in preparation process A. This gives2-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-5-carboxamide.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=10.80 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H),8.05 (s, 1H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 2H),0.53 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.35; mass (m/z)=418 [M+H]⁺.

Analogously to the preparation of (Ib-2),N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamideis synthesized from2-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-5-carboxamideand 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.62 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H),7.45 (m, 2H), 5.13 (q, 2H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.02; mass (m/z)=482 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis Process E Example (Ia-1)N-[4-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

In a heat-dried flask, 975 mg (3.02 mmol) of2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide,833 mg (6.03 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 287 mg (1.51 mmol) of copperiodide and molecular sieve are initially introduced under argon. Then,795 mg (3.02 mmol) of ethyl 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoate, 429 mg (3.02 mmol)of N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1.2-diamine and 5 ml of toluene are addeddropwise. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100° C. in a microwave for45 min and then diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered over Celite andconcentrated by evaporation on a rotary evaporator. The residue ispurified by means of flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent:cyclohexaneethyl acetate 1/5). This gives 0.16 g of ethyl2-chloro-5-({[2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-carbonyl}amino)benzoate(10%) as a beige solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.05 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.52(m, 1H), 4.36 (q, 2H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 1.33 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.55; mass (m/z)=506 [M+H]⁺.

32 mg (1.22 mmol) of lithium hydroxide are added to a solution of 142 mg(0.28 mmol) of ethyl2-chloro-5-({[2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]carbonyl}amino)-benzoatein a 1:1 tetrahydrofuran/water mixture. The reaction mixture is stirredovernight at room temperature, acidified and evaporated. The residue istaken up in ethyl acetate, washed with 1M hydrochloric acid, dried andconcentrated by evaporation. This gives 94 mg of2-chloro-5-({[2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoicacid (70%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.36 (br. s, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H),7.81-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 1H), 2.87 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.30; mass (m/z)=478 [M+H]⁺.

In 10 ml of dichloromethane, 94 mg (0.19 mmol) of2-chloro-5-({[2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoicacid are admixed with two drops of N,N-dimethylformamide and cooled to0° C. After adding 0.05 ml of oxalyl dichloride, the reaction mixture isstirred at room temperature for three hours and then concentrated byevaporation.

^(a))Note regarding the determination of the log P values and massdetection: The log P values given were determined in accordance with EECDirective 79831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance LiquidChromatography) on a phase inversion column (C18). Agilent 1100 LCsystem; 50*4.6 Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 1.8 micron; eluent A:acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid); eluent B: water (0.09% formic acid);linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile in 4.25 min,then 95% acetonitrile for a further 1.25 min; oven temperature 55° C.;flow: 2.0 ml/min. The mass detection is carried out via an Agilend MSDsystem.

^(b))Note regarding the determination of the log P values and massdetection: The log P values given were determined in accordance with EECDirective 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance LiquidChromatography) on a phase inversion column (C18). HP1100; 50*4.6 ZorbaxEclipse Plus C18 1.8 micron; eluent A: acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid);eluent B: water (0.08% formic acid); linear gradient from 5%acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile in 1.70 min, then 95% acetonitrile fora further 1.00 min; oven temperature 55° C.; flow: 2.0 ml/min. The massdetection is carried out via the mass detector Micromass ZQ2000 fromWaters.

The compounds listed in Tables 1-6 were synthesized with the help of theabove-described synthesis processes A to E.

Preparation of the starting compounds Ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

A mixture of 1.62 g (10 mmol) of 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamideand 2.22 g (10 mmol) of ethyl2-(ethoxymethylene)-4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate (for preparation see WO2005/123690) in 10 ml of ethanol is stirred under reflux for 4 daysafter adding 0.68 g (10 mmol) of sodium ethylate. Concentration byevaporation in vacuo is then carried out and the residue is taken up in10 ml of water and extracted twice with 10 ml of ethyl acetate. Theorganic phases are washed successively with 5 ml of water and 5 ml ofsaturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filteredand concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. Chromatographic purificationwith a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate gives 1.26 g of ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (40%) asa white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.58 (s, 1H), 7.49 (t, 1H), 4.45 (q, 2H),1.38 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.42; mass (m/z)=321 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

Ethyl 2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylatefrom ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate and2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.66 (s, 1H), 4.45 (q, 2H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.86; mass (m/z)=339 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 2-(heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylatefrom ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate and2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.68 (s, 1H), 4.46 (q, 2H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.32; mass (m/z)=389 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 4,6-dimethyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate fromethyl (2E)-2-acetyl-3-ethoxybut-2-enoate (for preparation see Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry 2006, 49, 6351) and2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.46 (q, 2H), 3.10 (s, 6H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.68; mass (m/z)=299 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 2,4-bis(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate from ethyl2-(ethoxymethylene)-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-3-oxopentanoate (preparationanalogous to WO 2005/123690) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.68 (s, 1H), 4.46 (q, 2H), 1.35 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=4.41; mass (m/z)=389 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate fromethyl 3-ethoxy-2-(pyridin-2-ylcarbonyl)acrylate (preparation analogousto WO 2005/123690) and 2,2,2-trifluoropropanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.28 (s, 1H), 8.69-8.71 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.30(m, 1H), 8.09 (dt, 1H), 7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 4.31 (q, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.09; mass (m/z)=298 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 4-methyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate can besynthesized analogously to the procedure in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letters2005, 15, 4898.

4-(Difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

1.15 g (3.59 mmol) of ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate aredissolved in 4 ml of ethanol. 5.39 ml (10.8 mmol) of 2M sodium hydroxidesolution are added and the reaction mixture is stirred for four hours atroom temperature. 2M hydrochloric acid is added to establish a pH of2-3. The resulting solid is filtered off with suction, washed with asmall amount of water and triturated with cyclohexane. This gives 870 mgof 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid(83%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.55 (s, 1H), 7.58 (t, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.80; mass (m/z)=293 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

2-(Pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acidfrom ethyl2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.40 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.80; mass (m/z)=311 [M+H]⁺.

2-(Heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acidfrom ethyl2-(heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.50 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.23; mass (m/z)=361 [M+H]⁺.

4-Methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.19 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.26; mass (m/z)=207 [M+H]⁺.

4-Methyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4-methyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.25 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.97; mass (m/z)=257 [M+H]⁺.

4,6-Dimethyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4,6-dimethyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=2.58 (s, 6H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.63; mass (m/z)=271 [M+H]⁺.

4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid was preparedanalogously to the literature reference European Journal of OrganicChemistry 2004, 18, 3793 from 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.13 (d, 1H), 9.07 (d, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.16; mass (m/z)=226 [M+H]⁺.

2,4-Bis(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl2,4-bis(pentafluoroethyl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.56 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.24; mass (m/z)=361 [M+H]⁺.

4-(Pyridin-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.27 (s, 1H), 8.71-8.69 (m, 1H), 8.23-8.21(m, 1H), 8.09-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.59 (m, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.50; mass (m/z)=270 [M+H]⁺.

5-Cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole

42.0 g (147 mmol) of5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole[synthesis see Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya 1990,(11), 2583-9] and 11.5 g (235 mmol) of sodium cyanide are suspended in150 ml of acetonitrile and then heated at reflux temperature under aprotective gas atmosphere. After cooling, the reaction mixture is pouredonto a mixture of 300 ml of distilled water and 300 ml of diethyl ether.The aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethyl ether. Thecombined organic phases are washed twice with water and once withsaturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase is driedover sodium sulphate and then filtered. The solvent is removed underreduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and the residue obtained in thisway is subjected to fractional distillation in vacuo. This gives 37.0 gof 5-cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole (82%)as a colourless liquid (b.p. 74° C./10 mbar).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.11 (s, 3H) ppm.

GC-MS: retention time 2.67 min; mass (m/z)=224 [M]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

11.0 g (37.5 mmol) of5-cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole, 22 mlof 50% strength sodium hydroxide solution and 7.0 ml of distilled waterare heated in an oil bath until the solid has dissolved. The reactionmixture is then stirred overnight (oil bath temperature 100° C.). Aftercooling, the reaction mixture is poured onto a mixture of 150 ml ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and 150 ml of ice. The mixture isafterstirred for 30 minutes and the solid is filtered off. The solid iswashed with a small amount of water and then dried in an oil pumpvacuum. This gives 11.2 g (95%) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid as a white solid.00

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.08 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.86; mass (m/z)=313 [M+H]⁺.

3-Chloro-2-[5-fluoro-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine

1.0 g (7.0 mmol) of 3-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine is suspended in 2.9 ml(21 mmol) of triethylamine and 40.0 ml of acetonitrile and, at −65° C.,added to 2.1 g (7 mmol) of(1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene. Thereaction mixture is slowly heated to room temperature and then stirredat room temperature for 60 hours. The solid is filtered off andafterwashed with diethyl ether. The solvent is removed under reducedpressure on a rotary evaporator. The product is extracted from theresidue three times with cyclohexane. The organic phases are combinedand the solvent is removed under reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator. This gives 1.95 g of3-chloro-2-[5-fluoro-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine(73%) as an orange oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=8.58-8.62 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.18 (m,1H), 7.62-7.68 (m, 1H) ppm.

GC-MS: retention time 5.88 min; mass (m/z)=383 [M]⁺.

3-Chloro-2-[5-cyano-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine

1.95 g (5.1 mmol) of3-chloro-2-[5-fluor-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridineand 0.30 g (6.1 mmol) of sodium cyanide are suspended in 20 ml ofacetonitrile and the reaction mixture is then stirred under reflux for16 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is poured onto awater/diethyl ether mixture. The aqueous phase is extracted three timeswith diethyl ether. The combined organic phases are washed twice withwater and once with saturated sodium chloride solution and then driedover magnesium sulphate and filtered. The solvent is removed underreduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. The crude product is purifiedby means of flash chromatography on silica gel. This gives 1.7 g of3-chloro-2-[5-cyano-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine(84%) as a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=8.61 (dd, 1H), 8.20 (dd, 1H), 7.70(dd, 1H) ppm.

GC-MS: retention time 6.43 min; mass (m/z)=390 [M]⁺.

3-(Pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

4.9 g (12.5 mmol) of3-chloro-2-[5-cyano-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridineare dissolved in 24 ml of methanol and admixed with 32.6 ml (494 mmol)of 50% strength sodium hydroxide solution (494 mmol). The reactionmixture is stirred for 7 days at room temperature. The reaction mixtureis diluted with 10 ml of water and then concentrated to half the volumeby evaporation. The mixture is then dripped onto concentratedhydrochloric acid with ice. The colourless solid which precipitates outis filtered off and dried in vacuo. This gives 2.95 g of3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid(79%) as a colourless solid.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.00; mass (m/z)=299 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

0.8 g (2.6 mmol) of3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-carboxylic acidare dissolved in 15.0 ml of methanol and then slowly admixed dropwisewith 0.58 ml (7.9 mmol) of thionyl chloride. The reaction solution isthen heated under reflux for 16 hours. After cooling, the solvent isremoved under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and the residue istaken up in ethyl acetate. The organic phase is carefully admixed withsaturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase is washedwith saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphateand filtered. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator. This gives 0.75 g of methyl3-(pentatluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (96%)as a colourless oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ 3.92 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.02; mass (m/z)=313 [M+H]⁺.

1-Ethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

0.23 g (0.72 mmol) of methyl3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate and0.3 g (2.2 mmol) of potassium carbonate are suspended in 7.0 ml ofacetone and admixed with 0.12 ml of iodoethane (1.4 mmol). The reactionmixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. 1.1 ml (2.2 mmol) of2N sodium hydroxide solution are added to the suspension. The solutionis then stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture isdiluted with water and adjusted to pH 2-3 with 1M hydrochloric acid. Theaqueous reaction solution is extracted three times with ethyl acetate.The combined organic phases are dried over magnesium sulphate, filteredand concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator. This gives 0.22 g of1-ethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid (91%) as a colourless solid.

¹H-NMR. (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.44 (q, 2H), 1.44 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.18; mass (m/z)=327 [M+H]⁺.

1-Isopropyl-4-(pentafluoroethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

The compound is synthesized analogously to the preparation of-ethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from methyl3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate and2-iodopropane.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=5.03 (sep, 1H), 1.47 (d, 6H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.55; mass (m/z)=341 [M+H]⁺.

1-(Methoxymethyl)-4-(pentafluoroethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

The compound is synthesized analogously to the preparation of1-ethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from methyl3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate andmethoxymethyl chloride.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=5.03 (sep, 1H), 1.47 (d, 6H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.90; mass (m/z)=343 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

7.57 g (63.0 mmol) of diazoethyl acetate are initially introduced underprotective gas into 200 ml of diethyl ether and brought to −70° C. 20.4g (126 mmol) of hexafluorobutyne are then introduced into the cooledsolution. The reaction mixture is slowly heated to room temperature andstirred for 16 hours. The solvent is then removed on a rotaryevaporator. This gives 17.0 g of ethyl3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (98%) as a yellowoil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.42 (q, 2H), 1.38 (t, 3H) ppm.

GC-MS: retention time 3.48 min; mass (m/z)=276 [M]⁺.

1-Methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

1-Methyl-3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid issynthesized analogously to the preparation of1-ethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from ethyl 3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate andiodomethane.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.12 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.47; mass (m/z)-=263 [M+H]⁺.

1,4-Dimethyl-3-(pentafluroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-amine

A solution of 39 g (388 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylamine in 500 ml oftetrahydrofuran is admixed at −5° C. with 232 ml (371 mmol) of a 1.6Msolution of n-butyllithium in hexane. The solution is stirred for 30minutes at 0° C. and then cooled to −78° C. 18.5 g (337 mmol) ofn-propionitrile are then added dropwise. When addition is complete, thesolution is stirred for 15 minutes. 30 g (169 mmol) of methylpentafluoropropanoate are then slowly added. When addition is complete,the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 45 min at −78° C. Themixture is then heated to room temperature and stirred for one hour atroom temperature. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. and admixedwith 700 ml of water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 1 with conc.hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate andthe combined organic phases are dried over magnesium sulphate andconcentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml of ethanol and admixedwith 10.5 g (224 mmol) of methylhydrazine and 16 ml of conc.hydrochloric acid. The mixture is heated under reflux for five hours.The ethanol is removed under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator andthe pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to 14. The aqueous phase isextracted several times with dichloromethane. The combined organicphases are dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated by evaporationunder reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. This gives 13.0 g of1,4-dimethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-amine (34%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.32 (br. s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 3H)ppm.

1,4-Dimethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

8.66 g (85.1 mmol) of tert-butyl nitrite and 6.0 g (67.4 A mmol) ofcopper(I) cyanide are suspended in 360 ml of acetonitrile and heated to65° C. A solution of 13.0 g (57.2 mmol) of1,4-dimethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-amine in 20 ml ofacetonitrile is then slowly added. The reaction mixture is furtherstirred for 24 hours at 65° C. The reaction mixture is then filteredover Celite. The filtrate is concentrated by evaporation under reducedpressure on a rotary evaporator. The residue is taken up in water andacidified with conc. hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase is extractedseveral times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases areconcentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure on a rotaryevaporator and the residue is purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1). The resulting product (2.3 g, 9.7mmol) is heated under reflux with 3.44 g (63 mmol) of potassiumhydroxide in 20 ml of water. After 3 h the reaction solution is cooledto 0° C. and adjusted to pH 6 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Theresulting solid is filtered and dried. This gives 0.3 g of1,4-dimethyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (2%) asa white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=4.22 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H) ppm.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

7.18 g (156 mmol) of methylhydrazine are added dropwise to a solution of30.9 g (142 mmol) of (1E)-1-ethoxy-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropent-1-en-3-one(preparation: Synthesis 2000, 5, 738-742) in 56 ml of methanol, and thereaction mixture is heated under reflux for 18 hours. The majority ofthe methanol is distilled off at atmospheric pressure and the residue ispoured on to ice. The aqueous phase is extracted three times withdichloromethane and the organic phase is then washed three times withsaturated sodium chloride solution. After drying over sodium sulphate,the solvent is distilled off at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator.This gives 15.8 g of 1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole (52%) as anoil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.61 (m, 1H), 6.57 (m, 1H), 3.89(s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.29; mass (m/z)=201 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

1-Methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole from(1E)-4-chloro-1-ethoxy-4,5,5,5-tetrafluoropent-1-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=7.58 (m, 1H), 6.54 (m, 1H), 3.89 (s,3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.46; mass (m/z)=217 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole from(1E)-1-ethoxy-4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluorohex-1-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.91 (m, 1H), 6.65 (m, 1H), 3.94(s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.84; mass (m/z)=251 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole from(1E)-1-ethoxy-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluorohept-1-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.61 (m, 1H), 6.57 (m, 1H), 3.97(s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.38; mass (m/z)=301 [M+H]⁺.

3-{[Difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolefrom(3E)-1-[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy]-4-ethoxy-1,1-diflurorobut-3-en-2-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.58 (m, 1H), 6.54 (m, 1H), 3.90(s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.79; mass (m/z)=333 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole

At 40° C., 3.27 g (20.5 mmol) of bromine are added dropwise to asolution of 4.65 g (18.6 mmol) of1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole in 18 ml of water and thereaction mixture is afterstirred firstly for one hour at 60° C. and thenfor 18 hours at room temperature. The aqueous phase is extracted threetimes with dichloromethane and the organic phase is dried over sodiumsulphate. The dichloromethane is distilled off at reduced pressure on arotary evaporator. This gives 5.75 g of1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-4-bromo-1H-pyrazole (78%) as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.73 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.53; mass (m/z)=330 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole from1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.77 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.99; mass (m/z)=280 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole from1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=7.75 (m, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.17; mass (m/z)=296 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

Under an argon atmosphere, 5.00 g (25.0 mmol) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole are initially introduced intodiethyl ether and the solution is cooled to −78° C. 11.1 ml (27.7 mmol)of 2M lithium diisopropylamide solution in tetrahydrofuran/heptane areadded dropwise and, at −30° C. and with vigorous stirring, 450 g ofcrushed dry ice are added. When the evolution of gas has stopped, thereaction mixture is admixed with 235 ml of water and adjusted to pH 11with 1M sodium hydroxide solution. The alkaline solution is extractedthree times with ethyl acetate and then adjusted to pH 2 with 1Nhydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with ethylacetate and the organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate. Distillingof the solvent on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure gives 1.20g of 1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (18%) asa solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.14 (m, 1H), 4.16 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.08; mass (m/z)=245 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.15 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.69; mass (m/z)=324 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.15 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.26; mass (m/z)=374 [M+H]

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.14 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.43; mass (m/z)=340 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.14 (m, 1H), 4.17 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.01; mass (m/z)=345 [M+H]⁺.

3-{[Difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.14 (m, 1H), 4.16 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.38; mass (m/z)=377 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

At 40° C., 255 mg (1.60 mmol) of bromine are added dropwise to asolution of 0.50 g (1.45 mmol) of1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid in 3.5 ml ofwater and the reaction mixture is afterstirred firstly for one hour at60° C. and then for three days at room temperature. The aqueous phase isextracted three times with dichloromethane and the organic phase isdried over sodium sulphate. The dichloromethane is distilled off atreduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. This gives 0.54 g of4-bromo-1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (80%)as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.16 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.17; mass (m/z)=424 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

4-Bromo-3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.14 (s, 31-1) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.56; mass (m/z)=456 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

1.34 g (2.46 mmol) of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate and then 0.75 g (2.95mmol) of iodine are added to a solution of 1.20 g (4.91 mmol) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid in 4.3 ml ofacetonitrile and the reaction mixture is heated under reflux for 18hours. After adding 20 ml of dichloromethane, washing is carried outfirstly with water, with sodium disulphite solution and finally withsaturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase is dried oversodium sulphate and the solvent is distilled off at reduced pressure ona rotary evaporator. This gives 1.28 g of4-iodo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (47%)as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.16 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.33; mass (m/z)=371 [M+H]⁺.

4-Fluoro-2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine canbe synthesized analogously to the procedures from the patent JP 07196622and Russ. Chem. Bull. 1997, 46, 1920.

2-Methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile

5.0 g (16.8 mmol) of4-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine aredissolved in 40 ml of acetonitrile. 986 mg (20.1 mmol) of sodium cyanideare added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 18 hours at 50° C. Afurther 493 mg (10.7 mmol) of sodium cyanide are added and the reactionmixture is stirred under reflux for three hours. After adding 100 ml ofwater and 100 ml of ethyl acetate, the organic phase is separated off.The aqueous phase is extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic phases are washed twice with water and with a saturatedsodium chloride solution, then dried over sodium sulphate, filtered andthe solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator. This gives 4.71 g of2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile(92%) as a dark oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=2.87 (s, 3H) ppm.

GC-MS: mass (m/z)=305 [M]⁺.

2-Methyl-6-(pentafluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide

4.70 g (15.4 mmol) of2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carbonitrileare dissolved in 80 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. The reactionmixture is stirred for 12 hours at 100° C. and then added to 300 ml ofice water. The aqueous phase is extracted four times with ethyl acetate.The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and thesolvent is concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure on arotary evaporator. Half of the crude product was purified by means offlash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: cyclohexaneethylacetate=1/1). This gives 0.63 g of2-methyl-6-(pentafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide(13%) as a viscous oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.16 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.33; mass (m/z)=324 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 2.00 g (12.8 mmol) of methyl3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (preparation: Chem. Ber.1974, 107, 1318-1328) in 28 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide is admixed with5.09 g (32.0 mmol, 96%) of chlorodifluoroacetic acid sodium salt and2.66 g (19.2 mmol) of potassium carbonate, and the reaction mixture isheated at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture is added to 300 ml ofwater and extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The organic phaseis dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated byevaporation in vacuo on a rotary evaporator. Chromatographicpurification gives 1.07 g ofmethyl-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (40%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.19 (t, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H),3.55 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P 2.04; mass (m/z)=207 [M+H]⁺.

The preparation of the ethyl ester is described in WO2007/071900A1.

3-(Difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

200 mg (0.97 mmol) of methyl3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate are dissolved in6.5 ml of methanol and 1.94 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide solution is added.The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature, thenadmixed with 1M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic phase is dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentratedby evaporation in vacuo. This gives 180 mg of3-difluoromethoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (97%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.26 (t, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.15; mass (m/z)=193 [M+]⁺.

Methyl 4-chloro-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 400 mg (1.94 mmol) ofmethyl-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 10 mlof N,N-dimethylformamide is admixed at 0° C. with 389 mg (2.91 mmol) ofN-chlorosuccinimide and then stirred for 8 hours at 80° C. The reactionsolution is poured onto water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate.The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. This gives 466 mg of methyl4-chloro-3-(difluoro methoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (99%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.25 (t, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.57. mass (m/z) 241 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl 4-bromo-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 700 mg (3.39 mmol) of methyl3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 20 ml ofchloroform is admixed dropwise with a solution of 570 mg (3.56 mmol) ofbromine in 10 ml of chloroform and then stirred for three days at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture is added to 80 ml of water with somesodium bisulfite and shaken. The organic phase is separated off, driedover magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation invacuo: 792 mg of methyl4-bromo-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (82%) areproduced as white crystals.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.24 (t, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.62; mass (m/z)=285; 287 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl 3-(difluoromethoxy)-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 500 mg (2.42 mmol) of methyl3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 20 ml ofacetonitrile is admixed with 665 mg (1.21 mmol) of ammonium cerium(IV)nitrate and 369 mg (1.45 mmol) of iodine and heated under reflux forthree hours and afterstirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionmixture is diluted with water and ethyl acetate, and the organic phaseis washed with saturated sodium thiosulphate solution, dried over sodiumsulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. This gives750 mg of methyl3-(difluoromethoxy)-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (93%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.22 (t, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.69; mass (m/z)=333 [M+H]⁺.

The following acids were prepared analogously to the aforementionedsaponification:

4-Chloro-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.23 (t, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.50; mass (m/z)=227 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.31 (t, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H) ppm;

HPLC-MS: log P=1.52; mass (m/z)=271 [M+H]⁺.

4-Iodo-3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.20 (t, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.64; mass (m/z)=319 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl 1-methyl-3-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 200 mg (1.28 mmol) of methyl3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-pyrazolecarboxylate (for preparation see above) in10 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide is admixed with 254 mg (2.56 mmol) of2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-4-methylbenzenesulphonate and 138 mg (2.56 mmol) ofpotassium carbonate and the reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. forfive hours and afterstirred at room temperature for two days. Thereaction mixture is added to water and extracted several times withethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate, filteredand concentrated by evaporation in vacuo on a rotary evaporator. Thisgives 500 mg of methyl1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (50%strength, 82%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=6.41 (s, 1H), 4.77 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H),3.83 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.61; mass (m/z)=239 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl4-fluoro-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 300 mg (1.26 mmol) of methyl1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate and 404 mg(1.52 mmol) of1-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octaneditetrafluoroborate(Selectfluor) in 37.5 ml of acetonitrile is heated under reflux for fivehours. After cooling, the solution is admixed with 1M hydrochloric acidand extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed withsaturated sodium chloride solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. Chromatographic purification onsilica gel gives 190 mg of methyl4-fluoro-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(26% strength, 15%).

HPLC-MS: log P=2.79; mass (m/z)=257 [M+H]⁺.

The chlorination, bromination and iodination proceeds analogously to thereactions shown above:

Methyl4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.83 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.08; mass (m/z)=273 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl4-bromo-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.81 (m, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.14; mass (m/z)=317, 319 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl4-iodo-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.81 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.17; mass (m/z)=365 [M+H]⁺.

The following acids were prepared analogously to the aforementionedsaponification:

1-Methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.74 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.65; mass (m/z) 225 [M+H]⁺.

4-Fluoro-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.83 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.83; mass (m/z)=243 [M+H]⁺.

4-Chloro-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.85 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.00; mass (m/z)=259 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.84 (m, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.03; mass (m/z)=303 [M+H]⁺.

4-Iodo-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.75 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.11; mass (m/z)=351 [M+H]⁺.

4-Bromo-3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

A solution, cooled to 0° C., of 100 mg (0.60 mmol) of3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid in 5 ml of aceticacid is admixed with 173 mg (1.08 mmol) of bromine and afterstirredovernight at room temperature. Acetic acid and bromine are drawn off ona rotary evaporator and the solid residue is washed with cyclohexane anda small amount of diethyl ether. This gives 69.0 mg of4-bromo-3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (47%) as ayellowish solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=3.96 (s, 3H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 0.89 (m, 2H),0.77 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.76; mass (m/z)=245 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 500 mg (2.57 mmol) ofethyl-3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (prepared fromethyl-3-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in accordance with Bioorg.Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 1819-1824) in 5 ml of acetonitrile is admixedwith 706 mg (1.28 mmol) of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate and 392 mg (1.53mmol) of iodine and heated under reflux for three hours and afterstirredovernight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted withwater and ethyl acetate, and the organic phase is washed with saturatedsodium thiosulphate solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered andconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. Chromatographic purification gives506 mg of ethyl-3-cyclopropyl-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(66%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.34 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 1.82 (m, 1H),1.36 (m, 3H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.56; mass (m/z)=321 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

268 mg (1.40 mmol) of copper(I) iodide and 65.3 mg (1.12 mmol) ofpotassium fluoride are initially introduced into a heat-dried vial underargon, and 3 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide and 300 mg (0.93 mmol) ofethyl-3-cyclopropyl-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate and 0.28ml (1.87 mmol) of trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane are added. Thereaction mixture is degassed in the ultrasound, flushed with argon andthe closed via is heated at 80° C. for three hours. The cooled reactionsolution is admixed with a small amount of water, diluted with ethylacetate, filtered over silica gel (ethyl acetate) and concentrated byevaporation on a rotary evaporator. Chromatographic purification onsilica gel gives 212 mg of ethyl3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(86%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.36 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 1.97 (m, 1H),1.31 (m, 3H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.83 (m, 2H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.66; mass (m/z)=263 [M+H]⁺.

3-Cyclopropyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

This compound is prepared analogously to the preparation of3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate:

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=3.92 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 0.89 (m, 2H),0.82 (m, 2H) ppm;

HPLC-MS: log P=1.74; mass (m/z)=235 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl 1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

1.50 g (5.36 mmol) of methyl1-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(for preparation see WO2007034278A2), 1.21 g (5.36 mmol) of1-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene andbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride are initially introducedunder argon and admixed with 6.69 ml of a 2M solution of sodiumcarbonate in water and 20 ml of dioxane. The reaction mixture is heatedat 100° C. for three hours and, after cooling over Celite and sodiumsulphate, is filtered. The filter cake is afterwashed with ethyl acetateand the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation on a rotary evaporator.Chromatographic purification on silica gel gives 529 mg of methyl1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (35%)(for preparation also see DD1984210265).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=8.05 (d, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H),4.16 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.82; mass (m/z)=285 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl4-iodo-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

This compound is prepared analogously to the preparation of ethyl3-cyclopropyl-4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate from methyl1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate andiodine.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.97 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H), 4.16 (s, 3H),3.92 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=4.23; mass (m/z)=411 [M+H]⁺.

Methyl1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

This compound is prepared analogously to the preparation of ethyl3-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylatefrom methyl4-iodo-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.86 (d, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H), 4.12 (s, 3H),3.96 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=4.14; mass (m/z)-=353 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

This compound is prepared analogously to the preparation of3-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from methyl1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.85 (d, 2H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 4.09 (s, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.24; mass (m/z) 339 [M+H]⁺.

5-(Benzylsulphanyl)-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

A solution of 3.00 g (10.5 mmol) of5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazoleand 1.48 ml (12.6 mmol) of benzylmercaptan is initially introduced into24 ml of acetonitrile at 0° C. 4.78 ml (34.3 mmol) of triethylamine arethen added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for two hours atbetween 0° C. and 10° C. Following concentration by evaporation invacuo, the resulting oil is purified by chromatography on silica gel,giving 3.19 g of5-(benzylsulphanyl)-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole(78%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.27 (m, 3H), 7.08 (m, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H),3.68 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=5.00; mass (m/z) 391 [M+H]⁺.

1-Methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-sulphonylchloride

A solution of 1.00 g (2.49 mmol) of5-(benzylsulphanyl)-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazolein 17 ml of dichloromethane is admixed with 20 ml of hydrochloric acid(16%) and 30 ml of sodium hypochloride solution (13%) and stirred atroom temperature for 18 hours. After adding 10 ml of chlorine liquor anda further seven hours at room temperature, extraction is carried outseveral times with dichloromethane, and the organic phase is dried overmagnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation in vacuo.The crude product is reacted without further purification to give thecorresponding sulphonamides.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.10 (s, 3H) ppm.

Ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 6.00 g (20.4 mmol) of diethyl1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate in 80 ml oftetrahydrofuran is admixed under argon at −78° C. with 38.9 ml (42.8mmol) of a 1.1M solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride in cyclohexaneand stirred overnight at this temperature. The reaction mixture isadmixed with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organicphase is dried over sodium sulphate, filtered over silica gel andconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. Chromatographic purification onsilica gel gives 4.10 g of ethyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(80%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=5.03 (br. s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.37 (q,2H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 1.32 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.74; mass (m/z)=253 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 3-formyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 1.50 g (5.95 mmol) of ethyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylatein 100 ml of dichloromethane is admixed with 4.14 g (47.6 mmol) ofmanganese(IV) oxide and heated under reflux for four hours. The cooledreaction mixture is filtered over Celite and concentrated by evaporationon a rotary evaporator. This gives 1.36 g of ethyl3-formyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (91%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=9.99 (s, 1H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 4.11(s, 3H), 1.37 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.40; mass (m/z)=251 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 1.00 g (4.00 mmol) of ethyl3-formyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 40 mlof dichloromethane is cooled to −10° C. under argon and 1.11 ml (8.39mmol) of diethylaminosulphur trifluoride are added dropwise over 10minutes. The reaction mixture is stirred at −10° C. for one hour, andadmixed firstly with solid sodium carbonate and then with saturatedsodium carbonate solution. The aqueous phase is extracted twice withdichloromethane, and the organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated by evaporation. Chromatographic purification on silica gelgives 585 mg of ethyl3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(54%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.11 (t, 1H), 4.41 (q, 2H), 4.11 (s, 3H),1.33 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.05; mass (m/z)=273 [M+H]⁺.

3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

A solution of 600 mg (2.20 mmol) of ethyl3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylatein 10 ml of methanol is admixed with 331 mg (3.31 mmol) of 40% strengthsodium hydroxide solution and stirred for three hours at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation,admixed with water and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous phaseis acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted twice withdiethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and,after filtration, is concentrated by evaporation. This gives 452 mg of3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid (84%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=7.07 (t, 1H), 4.09 (s, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P 1.10; mass (m/z)=245 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of 1.82 g (7.28 mmol) of ethyl3-formyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 80 mlof tetrahydrofuran is admixed under argon at −78° C. with 17.5 ml (8.73mmol) of 0.5M cyclopropylmagnesium bromide solution in tetrahydrofuran,and stirred for 30 minutes at this temperature and then overnight atroom temperature. The reaction solution is admixed with saturatedammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and theorganic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated byevaporation on a rotary evaporator. Chromatographic purification onsilica gel gives 0.67 g of ethyl3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(31%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=5.08 (d, 1H), 437 (q, 2H), 4.06 (m, 1H),4.01 (s, 3H), 1.31 (m, 4H), 0.52 (m, 1H), 0.43 (m, 2H), 0.18 (m, 1H)ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.38; mass (m/z)=275 [M−H₂O+H]⁺.

3-[Cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

This compound is prepared analogously to the preparation of3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from ethyl3-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=3.88 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 1.16 (m, 1H),1.01 (t, 3H), 0.33 (m, 1H), 0.25 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=0.72; mass (m/z)=247 [M−H₂O+H]⁺.

Ethyl3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

At −78° C., 4.76 ml (14.3 mmol) of a 3M methylmagnesium chloride intetrahydrofuran are added dropwise over 10 minutes to a solution of 2.00g (6.80 mmol) of ethyl3-formyl-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate in 30 mlof tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture is stirred for four hours at−78° C. and then added to saturated ammonium chloride solution andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is driedover sodium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation on a rotaryevaporator. Chromatographic purification on silica gel gives 976 mg ofethyl3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(51%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.88 (br. s, 1H), 4.38 (q, 2H), 3.88 (s,3H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.31 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.33; mass (m/z)=263 [M−H₂O-41]⁺.

Ethyl3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

At −10° C., 0.52 ml (3.9 mmol) of diethylaminosulphur trifluoride isadded dropwise to a solution of 1.00 g (3.57 mmol) of ethyl3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylatein 20 ml of dichloromethane. The mixture is afterstirred for one hour at−10° C., sodium carbonate is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10minutes at room temperature. After adding saturated sodium carbonatesolution, extraction is carried out with dichloromethane, and thecombined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedby evaporation in vacuo on a rotary evaporator. Purification by flashchromatography on silica gel (cyclohexaneethyl acetate) gives 700 mg ofethyl3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(67%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.40 (q, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 1.70 (d, 6H),1.32 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=3.55; mass (m/z)=283 [M+H]⁺.

3-(2-Fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

A solution of 700 mg (2.48 mmol) of ethyl3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylatein 10 ml of methanol is admixed with 208 mg (3.72 mmol) of potassiumhydroxide and 1 ml of water and heated at 50° C. for one hour. Thereaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation, admixed with water andextracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase is acidified with dilutehydrochloric acid and extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and theorganic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and, after filtration, isconcentrated by evaporation. This gives 498 mg of3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid (79%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=3.92 (s, 3H), 1.69 (d, 6H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.43; mass (m/z) 255 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate

A mixture of 2.00 g (12.3 mmol) of 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanamide and2.48 g (6.13 mmol) of Lawesson reagent are admixed with 20 ml oftetrahydrofuran and heated under reflux for 3.5 hours. Followingconcentration by evaporation in vacuo, the resulting2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanethioamide is purified by distillation (561mg).

557 mg (3.10 mmol) of 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanethioamide and 746 mg(3.41 mmol) of ethyl 2-chloro-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate(commercially available or can be prepared in accordance with Journal ofFluorine Chemistry 2004, 125, 1287-4290) are dissolved in 15 ml ofacetonitrile, and 0.86 ml (6.19 mmol) of triethylamine is addeddropwise. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 5 hours and thenleft at room temperature for two days. Chromatographic purification onsilica gel gives 568 mg of ethyl2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate(13%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.42 (q, 2H), 1.33 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=4.36.

2-(Pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid

A solution of 540 mg (1.57 mmol) of ethyl2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(rifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate in 3ml of methanol and 1 ml of water is admixed with 94.4 mg (2.36 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide solution and heated at 60° C. for two hours. Thereaction mixture is acidified with conc. hydrochloric acid and extractedfour times with dichloromethane, and the organic phase is washed withsaturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and,after filtration, is concentrated by evaporation. This gives 417 mg(min. 50% strength, max. 82%) of2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid.

HPLC-MS: log P=2.06; mass (m/z)=316 [M+H]⁺.

2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-[1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]ethanamine

2.0 g (8.12 mmol) of2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]ethanone[preparation analogous to Synthesis 2008, 6, 948-956] are dissolved in40 ml of toluene under a protective gas atmosphere and then admixed with8.93 ml (8.93 mmol) of a 1M solution of lithium (bistrimethylsilyl)amidein toluene. The solution is then stirred for 1 h at room temperature.8.12 ml (16.2 mmol) of a 2M solution of borane dimethylsulphide complexin tetrahydrofuran are then added and the mixture is stirred for afurther 16 hours at room temperature. 6.0 ml of 2M sodium hydroxidesolution are then added. The organic phase is dried over magnesiumsulphate and then concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure ona rotary evaporator. The product is purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (dichloromethane:methanol=9:1). This gives 0.85 g of2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-yl]ethanamine(42%) as a yellow oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=7.60 (s, 1H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H) ppm.

¹³C-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=145.7, 130.5, 126.2, 123.9, 123.0,51.0, 34.1 ppm.

TABLE 1

(Ia) |Mass Ex. No. Process Z¹ Z² Z³ R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z]¹Ia-1 F CH₃ CF₂CF₃ CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.33^(a))517.0^(a))

TABLE 2 (Ib)

Mass Ex. No. Process Z¹ Z² Z³ R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z] ¹Ib-2  D CF₃CH₂O CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.76 ^(a))483.0 ^(a)) Ib-3  A CF₃ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl2.78 ^(a)) 453.1 ^(a)) Ib-4  CF₃ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.14 ^(a)) 495.0 ^(a)) Ib-5  A CF₃ CF₃ — H C—H C—ClC—H C—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.19 ^(a)) 487.0 ^(a)) Ib-6  A CF₃CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.39 ^(a)) 503.1 ^(a)) Ib-7  AC₂F₅ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.20 ^(a)) 503.1 ^(a))Ib-8  A C₂F₅ Me Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.82 ^(a))463.1 ^(a)) Ib-9  A C₂F₅ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.53 ^(a)) 545.0 ^(a)) Ib-10 A C₂F₅ CF₃ — H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.59 ^(a)) 537.0 ^(a)) Ib-11 AC₂F₅ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.78 ^(a)) 553.1 ^(a))Ib-12 A C₂F₅ Me Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.22^(a)) 505.1 ^(a)) Ib-13 A C₂F₅ Me Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.26 ^(a)) 497.1 ^(a)) Ib-14 A C₂F₅ Me Me H C—H C—ClC—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.49 ^(a)) 513.1 ^(a)) Ib-15 A C₃F₇ CF₃ — H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.56 ^(a)) 553.1 ^(a)) Ib-16 A C₃F₇ CF₃— H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.88 ^(a)) 595.0 ^(a))Ib-17 A C₃F₇ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.92^(a)) 587.0 ^(a)) Ib-18 A C₃F₇ CF₃ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl4.13 ^(a)) 603.1 ^(a)) Ib-19 A CF₃ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH COCyclopropyl 2.24v 399.0 ^(a)) Ib-20 A CF₃ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONHCO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.65 ^(a)) 441.0 ^(a)) Ib-21 A CF₃ Me — H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 2.69 ^(a)) 433.0 ^(a)) Ib-22 ACF₃ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 2.94 ^(a)) 449.0 ^(a)) Ib-23A C₂F₅ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.76 ^(a)) 449.0^(a)) Ib-24 A C₂F₅ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.16 ^(a)) 491.0 ^(a)) Ib-25 A C₂F₅ Me — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.2 ^(a)) 483.0 ^(a)) Ib-26 A C₂F₅ Me — H C—H C—ClC—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.43 ^(a)) 499.0 ^(a)) Ib-27 A C₂F₅ CHF₂ — H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.92 ^(a)) 485.1 ^(a)) Ib-28 A C₂F₅CHF₂ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.27 ^(a)) 527.0^(a)) Ib-29 A C₂F₅ CHF₂ — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.51 ^(a))535.1 ^(a)) Ib-30 A C₂F₅ Cyclopropyl — H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH COCyclopropyl 3.28 ^(a)) 475.0 ^(a)) Ib-31 A C₂F₅ Cyclopropyl — H C—H C—ClC—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.65 ^(a)) 517.0 ^(a)) Ib-32 ACF₂CF₃ CHF₂ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 3-chloroprop-2-enyl 3.29^(a))519.0 ^(a)) Ib-33 A CF₂CF₃ CF₂CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH COCyclopropyl 3.64^(a)) 553.0 ^(a)) Ib-34 A CF₂CF₃ CF₂CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H CONH CO 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 3.94^(a)) 595.0 ^(a)) Ib-35 A CF₂CF₃CF₂CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 4.20^(a)) 603.0 ^(a)) Ib-36 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—Br C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.62^(a)) 582.9^(a)) Ib-37 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 1-Cyclopropylethyl3.76^(a)) 531.1 ^(a)) Ib-38 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ H CH3 C—H C—CI C—H C—H CONH COCyclopropyl 3.23^(a)) 517.1 ^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ib) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², Z³, R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(m), U and Q listed in Table 2.

TABLE 3

(Ie) Mass Ex. No. Process Z¹ Z² R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z] ¹Ie-1 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.48 ^(a)) 418.0^(a)) Ie-2 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 2.72 ^(a))420.0 ^(a)) Ie-3 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.88 ^(a)) 460.0 ^(a)) Ie-4 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 2.92 ^(a)) 452.0 ^(a)) Ie-5 A CF₃ Cl HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.16 ^(a)) 468.1 ^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ii) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(m), U and Q listed in Table 3.

TABLE 4

(Ii) Ex. Mass No. Process Z¹ Z² R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z] ¹Ii-1 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.46 ^(a)) 418.0^(a)) Ii-2 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 2.73 ^(a))420.0 ^(a)) Ii-3 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.86 ^(a)) 460.0 ^(a)) Ii-4 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 2.93 ^(a)) 451.9 ^(a)) Ii-5 A CF₃ Cl HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Benzyl 3.17 ^(a)) 468.0 ^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ii) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(m), U and Q listed in Table 4.

TABLE 5

(Ij) Ex. Mass No. Process Z¹ Z² R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z] ¹Ij-1 D CF₃CH₂O CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.02 ^(a))482.1 ^(a)) Ij-2 D CF₃CH(Me)O CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.32 ^(a)) 496.1 ^(a)) Ij-3 D C₂F₅CH₂O CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH COCyclopropyl 3.44 ^(a)) 532.1 ^(a)) Ij-4 A (CF₃)₂CH₂O CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.65 ^(a)) 550.1 ^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ij) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(m), U and Q listed in Table 5.

TABLE 6 (IK)

Ex. No. Process Z¹ Z² Z³ R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ Ik-1 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-2 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-3 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-4 C C₂F₅ I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Cl C—H Ik-5 C C₂F₅ Vinyl CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-6 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-7 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Br C—H Ik-8 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-9B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-10 A C₂F₅ CF₃ C₂H₅ H C—H C—ClC—OCH₃ C—H Ik-11 A C₂F₅ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-12 A C₂F₅ Br CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-13 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—H C—H C—H Ik-14 A C₂F₅ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—H C—H C—H Ik-15 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—H CCONHcPr C—H Ik-16A CF₃CClF Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-17 A C₂F₅ H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-18 A CF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-19 A CF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-20 A CF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-21 A CF₃ Br CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-22 A CF₃ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-23 A CF₃ Br CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-24 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-25 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H COCHF₂ C—H C—H Ik-26 A C₂F₅ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-27 A C₂F₅ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-28 A C₂F₅ Br CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-29 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-30 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-31 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-32 B C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-33 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-34B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-35 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-36 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-37 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-38 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-39 B C₂F₅ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-40 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-42 BC₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-43 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-44 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-45 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-46 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-47 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-48 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-49 B C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-50 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-52B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-53 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-54 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-55 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-56 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-57 B C₂F₅ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-58 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-59 BC₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-60 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-61 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-62 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-63 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-64 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-65 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-66 B C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-67 B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-68B C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-69 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—F C—H C—H C—HIk-70 A CF₃ H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-71 A CF₃ H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-72 A C₃F₇ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-73 A C₃F₇ Br CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-74 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—F C—F C—H C—H Ik-75 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—F C—H C—H Ik-76 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—CH₃ C—H C—H Ik-77 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—Cl C—H C—H C—H Ik-78 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-79A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—F C—H C—H C—H Ik-80 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-81 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-82 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-83 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-84 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-85 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-86 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-87 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-88A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-89 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-90 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-91 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-92 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-93 A C₂F₅ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-94 A CF₃ H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-95 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—F C—H Ik-96 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Cl C—HIk-97 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—F C—H Ik-98 A C₂F₅ I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-99 A C₂F₅ I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-100 A CHFCF₃ CF₃ CF(CH₃)₂ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-101 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Cl Ik-102 A C₂F₅CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Cl Ik-103 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-104 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—OCHF₂ C—H C—H Ik-105 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HBond to Q C—H C—F Ik-106 A C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H Bond to Q C—H C—H Ik-107 EC₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-108 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-109 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-110 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-112 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-113 E C₂F₅ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-114 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-115 EC₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-116 E C₂F₅ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-117 A CF₃OC₂F₄OCF₂ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-118 A CF₃OC₂F₄OCF₂ BrCH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-119 A CF₃OC₂F₄OCF₂ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-120 A C₄F₉ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-121 A C₄F₉ Br CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-122 A C₄F₉ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-123 C C₂F₅4-Fluorophenyl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-124 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ H H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-125 A CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-126 C OCHF₂ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-127 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—H C—H Ik-128 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—H N Ik-129 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H NIk-130 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H N C—H C—H Ik-131 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl N C—H Ik-132 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ CH₃ C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-133 A CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ CH₃ C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-134 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ CH₃ C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-135 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ CH₂OCH₃ C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-136 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ Ethyl C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-137 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ 1-Methylethyl C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-138 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ Ethyl C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-139 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ 1-Methylethyl C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-140 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—F C—F C—H Ik-141 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—F C—H Ik-142 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—F Ik-143 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—F Ik-144 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—F Ik-145 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—F C—H C—F Ik-146 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—F Ik-147 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Cl Ik-148 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—HC—Cl Ik-149 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-150 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Cl Ik-151 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—Cl Ik-152 BCF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-153 B CF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-154 A CF₃ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-155 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—FC—H C—H Ik-156 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—H Ik-157 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—H Ik-158 B CF₃ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-159 BCF₃ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-160 B CF₃ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-161 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—H Ik-162 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—H C—F C—H Ik-163 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-164 A CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Cl C—H Ik-165 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Cl C—ClIk-166 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—CH₃ Ik-167 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ C(CH₃)₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-168 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—F C—H C—H Ik-169 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—F C—F C—F C—H Ik-170 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—Cl C—H C—ClC—H Ik-171 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Cl Ik-172 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—Br C—H C—H Ik-173 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—H C—H Ik-174 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—H C—H Ik-175 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—HC—H Ik-176 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ Phenyl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-177 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Br C—H Ik-178 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—Br C—HIk-179 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-180 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—NO₂ C—H C—H Ik-181 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—NO₂ C—H C—H Ik-182 A CF₃ ICH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-183 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—H C—H Ik-184B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—H C—H Ik-185 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—OCH₃C—H C—H Ik-186 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-187 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C-Cyano C—H Ik-188 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—F C—HIk-189 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—F C—H Ik-190 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—F C—H Ik-191 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—F C—H Ik-192 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—F C—H Ik-193 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃C—F C—H Ik-194 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SO₂CH₃ C—F C—H Ik-195 A CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-196 A CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-197 ACF₃ CF₃ H H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-198 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—BrC—H Ik-199 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—Br C—H Ik-200 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—Br C—H Ik-201 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—Cl C—HIk-202 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—SCH₃ C—Cl C—H Ik-203 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—SCH₃ C—Cl C—H Ik-204 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—Cl C—H Ik-205 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—Cl C—H Ik-206 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—ClC—H Ik-207 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—Br C—H Ik-208 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—Br C—Br C—H Ik-209 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—Br C—H Ik-210 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—Br C—H Ik-211 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—BrC—H Ik-212 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—Br C—H Ik-213 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Br C—Cl C—H Ik-214 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—Cl C—H Ik-215 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—Cl C—H Ik-216 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ Ethyl H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-217 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ Ethyl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-218 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃1-Methylethyl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-219 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₂OCH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-220 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₂OCH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-221 A CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—H C—Br C—H Ik-222 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—H C—Br C—HIk-223 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—H C—Br C—H Ik-224 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—I C—F C—H Ik-225 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—F C—H Ik-226 B CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—F C—H Ik-227 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—I C—F C—HIk-228 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—F C—H Ik-229 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Br C—F C—H Ik-230 A CF(CH₃)₂ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-231 A CHF2CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-232 A CHF2 CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-234 A OCHF₂ H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-235 A Cyclopropyl Br CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-236 A OCHF₂ Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-237 A OCHF₂Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-238 A OCHF₂ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-239 A OCHF₂ Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-240 A OCHF₂ I CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-241 A OCHF₂ I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-242 A CF₃CH₂O Cl CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-243 A CF₃CH₂O Cl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-244 ACF₃CH₂O I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-245 A CF₃CH₂O I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-246 A CF₃CH₂O H CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-247 A CF₃CH₂O H CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-248 A 4-Fluorophenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-249 A 4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-250 A2,4-Dichlorophenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-251 A4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-252 A2-Chlorophenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-253 A4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-254 A2,4-Dichlorophenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-255 A4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-256 A CF₃CH₂O BrCH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-257 A CF₃CH₂O Br CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-258A 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-259 A3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-260 ACF₃CH₂O F CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-261 A Cyclopropyl CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—ClC—H C—H Ik-262 C CF₂CF₃ Prop-2-enyl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-263 CCF₂CF₃ Ethyl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-264 C CF₃OC₂F4OCF₂ I CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-265 C C4F9 I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-266 A C4F9 H CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-267 C C4F9 I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-268 C C4F9I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-269 C C4F9 I CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-270 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-271 B CF₂CF₃ CH₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-272 B CF₂CF₃ Ethyl CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-273 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-274 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-275 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-276 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-277 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-278 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-279 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-280 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-281 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-282 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-283 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-284 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-285 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-286 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-287 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-288 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-289 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-290 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-291 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-292 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-293 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-294 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-295 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-296 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-297 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-298 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-299 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-300 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-301 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-302 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-303 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-304 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-305 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-306 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-307 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-308 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-309 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-310 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-311 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—HC—H Ik-312 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-313 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ HC—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-314 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H N Ik-315 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Br C—H N Ik-316 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H NIk-317 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H N Ik-318 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H N Ik-319 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-320 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-321 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-322 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-323 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—HIk-324 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-325 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl N C—H Ik-326 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-327 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-328 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-329 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl N C—H Ik-330 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—H C—H C—HIk-331 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—H C—H C—H Ik-332 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—BrC—H C—H Ik-333 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—Br C—H C—H Ik-334 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃H N C—Br C—H C—H Ik-335 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—Br C—H C—H Ik-336 BCF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—Br C—H C—H Ik-337 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—Br C—H C—HIk-338 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H N C—Br C—H C—H Ik-339 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—I C—H C—H Ik-340 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-341 B CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-342 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-343 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-344 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—HC—Cl C—H C—H Ik-345 B CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-346 B CF₂CF₃CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ik-347 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—HIk-348 A CF₂CF₃ CF₃ CH₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H Ex. Mass No. L_(m) U Q logP[m/z]¹ Ik-1 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.34^(a)) 505.0^(a)) Ik-2 CONH CO H3.22^(a)) 466.0^(a)) Ik-3 CONH CO Prop-2-ynyl 3.11^(b)) 502.9^(b)) Ik-4CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.15^(a)) 562.9^(a)) Ik-5 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.11^(a)) 463.1^(a)) Ik-6 CONH CO 2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl 3.33^(b))541.1^(b)) Ik-7 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.81^(a)) 582.9^(a)) Ik-8 CONH COtrans-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.24^(b)) 523.1^(b)) Ik-9 CONH COcis-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.28^(b)) 523.1^(b)) Ik-10 CONH CO Benzyl4.18^(a)) 563.1^(a)) Ik-11 CONH CO 1-Trifluoromethylethyl 2.00^(a))572.9^(a)) Ik-12 CONH CO 1-Cyclopropylethyl 3.84^(a)) 543.0^(a)) Ik-13CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.15^(a)) 471.1^(a)) Ik-14 CONH CO Benzyl 3.77^(a))521.1^(a)) Ik-15 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.74^(a)) 554.2^(a)) Ik-16 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.35^(a)) 530.9^(a)) Ik-17 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.94^(a))437.0^(a)) Ik-18 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.77^(a)) 421.1^(a)) Ik-19 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.22^(a)) 455.0^(a)) Ik-20 CONH CO Benzyl 3.46^(a))471.1^(a)) Ik-21 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.75^(a)) 467.0^(a)) Ik-22 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.20^(a)) 501.0^(a)) Ik-23 CONH CO Benzyl 3.44^(a))517.0^(a)) Ik-24 CONH CO Methylsulphonyl 3.13^(a)) 543.0^(a)) Ik-25 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.49^(a)) 537.1^(a)) Ik-26 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.22^(a))515.0^(a)) Ik-27 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 3.49^(a)) 517.0^(a)) Ik-28 CONHCO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.64^(a)) 550.9^(a)) Ik-29 CONH CO1,2,4-Triazol-3-ylmethyl 2.31^(b)) 546.0^(b)) Ik-30 CONH CO Propyl3.23^(b)) 507.0^(b)) Ik-31 CONCH₃ CO Cyclopropyl 3.51^(b)) 519.0^(b))Ik-32 CONH CO Oxetan-3-yl 2.76^(b)) 521.0^(b)) Ik-33 CONH CO2-Hydroxypropyl 2.65^(b)) 523.0^(b)) Ik-34 CONH CO Methoxycarbonylmethyl3.04^(b)) 537.0^(b)) Ik-35 CONCH₃ CO 1-Methylethyl 3.73^(b)) 521.0^(b))Ik-36 CONH CO Cyclobutyl 3.53^(b)) 519.0^(b)) Ik-37 CONH CO2,6-Difluorophenylmethyl 3.73^(b)) 591.0^(b)) Ik-38 CONH CO1-Phenylethyl 3.89^(b)) 569.0^(b)) Ik-39 CONH CO Cyclopentyl 3.78^(b))533.0^(b)) Ik-40 CONH CO 4-Chlorophenylethyl 4.23^(b)) 603.0^(b)) Ik-42CONH CO 2,2-Dimethyl-3-fluoropropyl 3.68^(b)) 553.0^(b)) Ik-43 CONH COIsoxazol-3-ylmethyl 3.02^(b)) 546.0^(b)) Ik-44 CONH CO3,3-Dichloro-1,1-dimethyl- 4.28^(b)) 602.9^(b)) prop-2-enyl Ik-45 CONHCO 3-Methyloxetan-3-ylmethyl 2.98^(b)) 548.9^(b)) Ik-46 CONH CO2,2-Dimethylcyclopropylmethyl 4.11^(b)) 547.0^(b)) Ik-47 CONH CO2-Phenylcyclopropyl 4.00^(b)) 581.0^(b)) Ik-48 CONH CO Cyanomethyl2.93^(b)) 503.9^(b)) Ik-49 CONH CO 3-Fluorophenylmethyl 3.78^(b))573.0^(b)) Ik-50 CONH CO 2-Methylprop-2-enyl 3.53^(b)) 519.0^(b)) Ik-52CONH CO 2-Fluorophenylmethyl 3.73^(b)) 573.0^(b)) Ik-53 CONH CO2-Ethoxyethyl 3.28^(b)) 537.0^(b)) Ik-54 CONH CO2,5-Difluorophenylmethyl 3.84^(b)) 591.0^(b)) Ik-55 CONH CO2-Trifluoromethylphenylethyl 4.28^(b)) 591.0^(b)) Ik-56 CONH CO2-Hydroxypropyl 2.65^(b)) 637.0^(b)) Ik-57 CONH CO 2-Methylbutyl4.00^(b)) 523.0^(b)) Ik-58 CONH CO trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexyl 2.69^(b))535.0^(b)) Ik-59 CONCH₃ CO Propyl 3.78^(b)) 663.0^(b)) Ik-60 CONH COPrimidin-2-ylmethyl 2.84^(b)) 521.0^(b)) Ik-61 CONH CODicyclopropylmethyl 4.00^(b)) 557.0^(b)) Ik-62 CONH CO1-Cyclopropylethyl 3.73^(b)) 559.0^(b)) Ik-63 CONH CO1-Trifluoromethylethyl 3.68^(b)) 533.0^(b)) Ik-64 CONH CO2,2-Difluoropropyl 3.37^(b)) 561.0^(b)) Ik-65 CONH CO4-Trifluoromethylcyclohexyl 4.11^(b)) 543.0^(b)) Ik-66 CONH CO Ethyl3.15^(b)) 615.1^(b)) Ik-67 CONH CO 1,1-Dimethylethyl 3.84^(b))492.9^(b)) Ik-68 CONH CO 2-Cyanoethyl 2.89^(b)) 521.0^(b)) Ik-69 CONH CO1-Methylethyl 3.45^(a)) 517.9^(a)) Ik-70 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 2.74^(a))491.1^(a)) Ik-71 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.48^(a)) 389.1^(a)) Ik-72 CONH CO1-Methylethyl 3.87^(a)) 387.1^(a)) Ik-73 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.58^(a))567.0^(a)) Ik-74 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 3.56^(a)) 564.9^(a)) Ik-75 CONHCO 1-Methylethyl 3.39^(a)) 509.1^(a)) Ik-76 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl3.40^(a)) 491.1^(a)) Ik-77 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 3.47^(a)) 507.0^(a))Ik-78 CONH CO 1-Pyridin-2-ylethyl 3.18^(b)) 570.1^(b)) Ik-79 CONH COPyridin-2-ylmethyl 2.80^(a)) 556.1^(a)) Ik-80 CONH CO5-Fluoropyridin-2-ylmethyl 4.75^(a)) 574.1^(a)) Ik-81 CONH CO1,1-Dimethylbut-2-ynyl 4.03^(a)) 545.1^(a)) Ik-82 CONH CO2-(Methylsulphanyl)ethyl 3.57^(a)) 539.0^(a)) Ik-83 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.72^(a)) 539.0^(a)) Ik-84 CONH CO Benzyl 3.90^(a))555.1^(a)) Ik-85 CONH CO CH3 3.04^(a)) 479.0^(a)) Ik-86 CONH CO2,2-Difluoroethyl 3.41^(a)) 529.0^(a)) Ik-87 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.67^(a)) 547.0^(a)) Ik-88 CONH CO 2-Fluoroethyl3.21^(a)) 511.0^(a)) Ik-89 CONH CO 1-CH3-2-(ethylsulphanyl)ethyl4.09^(a)) 567.0^(a)) Ik-90 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 3.60^(a)) 507.1^(a))Ik-91 CONH CO 1-Methylpropyl 3.87^(a)) 521.1^(a)) Ik-92 CONH CO2-Methylpropyl 3.90^(a)) 521.1^(a)) Ik-93 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 3.44^(a))505.1^(a)) Ik-94 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 2.62^(a)) 387.1^(a)) Ik-95 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.43^(a)) 489.0^(a)) Ik-96 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.71^(a))503.0^(a)2)) Ik-97 CONH CO Benzyl 4.19^(a)) 557.1^(a)) Ik-98 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.54^(a)) 596.9^(a)) Ik-99 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.52^(a)) 604.9^(a)) Ik-100 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.39^(a)) 531.1^(a)2)) Ik-101 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.80^(a))539.0^(a)) Ik-102 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.38^(a)) 505.0^(a)) Ik-103 C(O)OCO Ethyl 4.42^(a)) 494.1^(a)) Ik-104 C(O)O CO H 3.23^(a)) 496.1^(a)2))Ik-105 C(O)O CO —CH₂-[Bond to A₃] 3.27^(a)) 462.0^(a)) Ik-106 C(O)O CO—CH₂-[Bond to A₃] 3.20^(a)) 444.0^(a)) Ik-107 C(O)OCH₂C(O) CO Methoxy4.03^(a)) 555.0^(a)) Ik-108 C(O)OCH₂C(O) CO N,N-Dimethylamino 3.57^(a))551.1^(a)) Ik-109 C(O)OCH₂C(O) CO N,N-Diethylamino 4.11^(a)) 579.1^(a))Ik-110 C(O)OCH₂C(O)NHC(O) CO NH₂ 3.10^(a)) 566.1^(a)) Ik-112C(O)OCH₂C(O) CO N-Allylamino 3.66^(a)) 581.2^(a)) Ik-113 C(O)OCH₂C(O)NHCO Methoxycarbonyl 3.60^(a)) 567.2^(a)) Ik-114 C(O)OCH₂C(O)NMe COMethoxy 3.87^(a)) 551.2^(a)2)) Ik-115 C(O)OCH₂C(O)NH CO Hydroxymethyl2.93^(a)) 551.2^(a)) Ik-116 C(O)OCH₂C(O) CO N-Ethylamino 3.52^(a))646.9^(a)) Ik-117 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 4.31^(a)) 690.9^(a)) Ik-118 CONHCO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.61^(a)) 682.9^(a)) Ik-119 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 4.66^(a)) 615.0^(a)) Ik-120 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.99^(a)) 654.9^(a)2)) Ik-121 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.29^(a))648.9^(a)2)) Ik-122 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 4.35^(a)) 531.1^(a))Ik-123 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.60^(a)) 444.0^(a)) Ik-124 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.26^(a)) 533.0^(a)) Ik-125 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.25^(a)) 497.0^(a)) Ik-126 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.01^(a)) 495.0^(a)) Ik-127 CONH CO(1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.29^(a)) 568.0^(a)) Ik-128 CONH CO(1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.19^(a)) 568.0^(a)) Ik-129 COO CO H2.82^(a)) 467.0^(a)) Ik-130 CONH CO 2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl 3.59^(a))508.0^(a)) Ik-131 CONH CO H 2.77^(a)) 467.0^(a)) Ik-132 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.30^(a)) 519.1^(a)) Ik-133 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.66^(a)) 561.0^(a)) Ik-134 CONH CO Benzyl 3.94^(a)) 569.1^(a)) Ik-135CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.51^(a)) 549.1^(a)) Ik-136 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.55^(a)) 533.1^(a)) Ik-137 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.74^(a)) 547.1^(a))Ik-138 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.81^(a)) 575.1^(a)) Ik-139 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.02^(a)) 589.1^(a)) Ik-140 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.60^(a)) 507.1^(a)) Ik-141 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.89^(a))549.1^(a)) Ik-142 CONH CO Benzyl 4.00^(a)) 573.0^(a)) Ik-143 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.39^(a)) 523.0^(a)) Ik-144 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.73^(a)) 565.0^(a)) Ik-145 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.32^(a)) 507.1^(a))Ik-146 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.64^(a)) 549.0^(a)) Ik-147 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.61^(a)) 539.0^(a)) Ik-148 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.53^(a))523.2^(a)) Ik-149 CONH CO Benzyl 4.33^(a)) 589.0^(a)) Ik-150 CONH COBenzyl 4.23^(a)) 589.2^(a)) Ik-151 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.83^(a)) 565.2^(a)) Ik-152 CONH CO CH(CH₃)CF₃ 3.44^(a)) 477.0^(a))Ik-153 CONH CO 2-Fluorocyclopropyl 2.86^(a)) 439.0^(a)) Ik-154 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.20^(a)) 463.0^(a)) Ik-155 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.31^(a)) 489.1^(a)) Ik-156 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.66^(a))531.1^(a)) Ik-157 CONH CO Benzyl 3.95^(a)) 537.1^(a)) Ik-158 CONH CO1-Trifluoromethylethyl 3.40^(a)) 522.9^(a)) Ik-159 CONH CO2-Fluorocyclopropyl 2.82^(a)) 485.0^(a)) Ik-160 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.17^(a)) 508.9^(a)) Ik-161 CONH CO CH(CH₃)CF₃3.89^(a)) 545.1^(a)) Ik-162 CONH CO Benzyl 4.05^(a)) 537.2^(a)) Ik-163CONH CO H 2.83^(a)) 465.1^(a)) Ik-164 CONH CO 1-Trifluoromethylethyl5.44^(a)) 595.0^(a)) Ik-165 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.96^(a)) 573.0^(a))Ik-166 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.43^(a)) 519.2^(a)) Ik-167 CONH COCyclopropyl 4.17^(a)) 547.1^(a)) Ik-168 CONH CO 2-Fluorocyclopropyl3.35^(a)) 507.0^(a)) Ik-169 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.53^(a)) 525.1^(a))Ik-170 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.78^(a)) 538.9^(a)) Ik-171 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.97^(a)) 581.0^(a)) Ik-172 CONH CO Benzyl4.03^(a)) 599.0^(a)) Ik-173 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.77^(a))592.9^(a)) Ik-174 CONH CO 1-Trifluoromethylethyl 3.95^(a)) 604.9^(a))Ik-175 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.39^(a)) 549.0^(a)) Ik-176 CONH COCyclopropyl 4.00^(a)) 567.0^(a)) Ik-177 CONH CO Benzyl 4.42^(a))635.0^(a)) Ik-178 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.14^(a)) 626.9^(a))Ik-179 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.95^(a)) 491.0^(a)) Ik-180 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.27^(a)) 516.0^(a)) Ik-181 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.58^(a)) 557.9^(a)) Ik-182 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.70^(a)) 513.0^(a))Ik-183 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.45^(a)) 597.0^(a)) Ik-184 CONH CO Benzyl4.07^(a)) 647.0^(a)) Ik-185 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.32^(a)) 501.1^(a))Ik-186 CONH CO 3,3-Dichloroprop-2-en-1-yl 4.09^(a)) 572.9^(a)) Ik-187CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.40^(a)) 530.0^(a)) Ik-188 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.59^(a)) 523.1^(a)) Ik-189 CONH CO Benzyl 4.14^(a)) 573.1^(a)) Ik-190CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.91^(a)) 565.0^(a)) Ik-191 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.57^(a)) 535.1^(a)) Ik-192 CONH CO Benzyl 4.15^(a))585.1^(a)) Ik-193 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.90^(a)) 577.0^(a))Ik-194 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.92^(a)) 567.1^(a)) Ik-195 CONH COCyclopropyl 2.89^(a)) 455.1^(a)) Ik-196 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl3.28^(a)) 489.1^(a)) Ik-197 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.55^(a)) 441.1^(a))Ik-198 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.87^(a)) 596.9^(a)) Ik-199 CONH CO Benzyl4.43^(a)) 647.0^(a)) Ik-200 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.22^(a))639.0^(a)) Ik-201 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.80^(a)) 551.0^(a)) Ik-202 CONHCO Benzyl 4.39^(a)) 601.0^(a)) Ik-203 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl4.15^(a)) 593.0^(a)) Ik-204 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.84^(a)) 630.9^(a))Ik-205 CONH CO Benzyl 4.45^(a)) 681.0^(a)) Ik-206 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.18^(a)) 672.9^(a)) Ik-207 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.84^(a)) 628.8^(a)) Ik-208 CONH CO Benzyl 4.42^(a)) 678.9^(a)) Ik-209CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.18^(a)) 670.9^(a)) Ik-210 CONH COCyclopropyl 3.92^(a)) 676.9^(a)) Ik-211 CONH CO Benzyl 4.49^(a))726.9^(a)) Ik-212 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.15^(a)) 718.8^(a))Ik-213 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.81^(a)) 584.9^(a)) Ik-214 CONH CO Benzyl4.42^(a)) 635.0^(a)) Ik-215 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.14^(a))627.0^(a)) Ik-216 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.93^(a)) 561.1^(a))Ik-217 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.63^(a)) 519.1^(a)) Ik-218 CONH COCyclopropyl 4.02^(a)) 533.1^(a)) Ik-219 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.50^(a))535.1^(a)) Ik-220 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.82^(a)) 577.1^(a))Ik-221 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.74^(a)) 551.0^(a)) Ik-222 CONH CO Benzyl4.35^(a)) 601.1^(a)) Ik-223 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.09^(a))593.0^(a)) Ik-224 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.99^(a)) 649.0^(a))Ik-225 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.63^(a)) 615.0^(a)) Ik-226 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.95^(a)) 657.0^(a)) Ik-227 CONH CO Benzyl4.20^(a)) 665.0^(a)) Ik-228 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.88^(a))611.0^(a)) Ik-229 CONH CO Benzyl 4.14^(a)) 619.0^(a)) Ik-230 CONH COCyclopropyl 2.70^(a)) 427.0^(a)) [M − F]^(a)) Ik-231 CONH CO Cyclopropyl2.46^(a)) 437.0^(a)) Ik-232 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 2.92^(a))471.0^(a)) Ik-234 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.17^(a)) 385.1^(a)) Ik-235 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 2.60^(a)) 437.0^(a)) Ik-236 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl2.88^(a)) 505.0^(a)) Ik-237 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.51^(a)) 462.9^(a))Ik-238 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.52^(a)) 419.0^(a)) Ik-239 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.89^(a)) 460.9^(a)) Ik-240 CONH CO Cyclopropyl2.54^(a)) 511.0^(a)) Ik-241 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.92^(a))553.0^(a)) Ik-242 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.89^(a)) 451.0^(a)) Ik-243 CONHCO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.27^(a)) 492.9^(a)) Ik-244 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.24^(a)) 584.9^(a)) Ik-245 CONH CO Cyclopropyl2.85^(a)) 542.9^(a)) Ik-246 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.92^(a))459.0^(a)) Ik-247 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.55^(a)) 417.1^(a)) Ik-248 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.04^(a)) 492.9^(a)) Ik-249 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.63^(a))543.1^(a)) Ik-250 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.59^(a)) 543.0^(a)) Ik-251 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.76^(a)) 557.0^(a)) Ik-252 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.41^(a)) 549.0^(a)) Ik-253 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.99^(a))585.0^(a)) Ik-254 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.04^(a)) 585.0^(a))Ik-255 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.15^(a)) 601.0^(a)) Ik-256 CONH COCyclopropyl 2.87^(a)) 497.0^(a)) Ik-257 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl3.26^(a)) 538.9^(a)) Ik-258 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4.46^(a))641.0^(a)) Ik-259 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 4.19^(a)) 599.0^(a)) Ik-260 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 2.75^(a)) 435.1^(a)) Ik-261 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.78^(a))427.1^(a)) Ik-262 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.37^(a)) 475.2^(a)) Ik-263 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.05^(a)) 431.1^(a)) Ik-264 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.66^(a))694.8^(a)) Ik-265 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.90^(a)) 663.0^(a)) Ik-266 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.74^(a)) 536.8^(a)) Ik-267 CONH CO 1-Cyclopropylethyl4.38^(a)) 691.0^(a)) Ik-268 CONH CO Cyclopropyl 4.16^(a)) 676.9^(a))Ik-269 CONH CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 4.27^(a)) 696.9^(a)) Ik-270 CONH CO1-(Pyridin-3-yl)ethyl 2.27^(b)) 570.1^(b)) Ik-271 CONH CO Benzyl3.42^(b)) 501.0^(b)) Ik-272 CONH CO Benzyl 3.68^(b)) 515.0^(b)) Ik-273CONH CO [4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol- 3.75^(b)) 629.9^(b))2-yl]methyl Ik-274 CONH CO 2-Cyanopropan-2-yl 3.37^(b)) 531.9^(b))Ik-275 CONH CO 2-Cyano-1-methoxy-propan-2-yl 3.37^(b)) 562.0^(b)) Ik-276CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-[1-methyl-4- 4.00^(b)) 695.1^(b))(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2- yl]ethyl Ik-277 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-(4-methyl-1,3- 4.00^(b)) 644.1^(b)) thiazol-2-yl)ethylIk-278 CONH CO 1-1-Dioxido-2,3-dihydrothio- 2.80^(b)) 581.0^(b))phen-3-yl Ik-279 CONH CO (1R,2S)-2-Methylcyclopropyl 3.37^(b))519.0^(b)) Ik-280 CONH CO (1R,2R)-2-Methylcyclopropyl 3.46^(b))519.0^(b)) Ik-281 CONH CO 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)ethyl 3.53^(b))591.1^(b)) Ik-282 CONH CO 2-Chlorobenzyl 4.05^(b)) 589.1^(b)) Ik-283CONH CO 4-Chlorobenzyl 4.05^(b)) 589.1^(b)) Ik-284 CONH CO1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethyl 4.00^(b)) 587.1^(b)) Ik-285 CONH COTetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 3.06^(b)) 549.1^(b)) Ik-286 CONH CO2-Ethylcyclopropyl 3.84^(b)) 533.1^(b)) Ik-287 CONH COCyclopent-3-en-1-yl 3.63^(b)) 531.1^(b)) Ik-288 CONH CO1-(1-Chlorocyclopropyl)ethyl 4.05^(b)) 567.0^(b)) Ik-289 CONH CO2-Methyl-1-(methylsulphanyl) 4.05^(b)) 567.1^(b)) propan-2-yl Ik-290CONH CO 1-Fluoropropan-2-yl 3.28^(b)) 525.1^(b)) Ik-291 CONH CO3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl 3.53^(b)) 561.0^(b)) Ik-292 CONH CO 1-Cyanoethyl3.02^(b)) 517.9^(b)) Ik-293 CONH CO But-3-yn-2-yl 3.28^(b)) 516.9^(b))Ik-294 CONH CO (2S)-1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl 3.63^(b)) 561.1^(b))Ik-295 CONH CO (2Z)-3-Chlorobut-2-en-1-yl 3.73^(b)) 553.1^(b)) Ik-296CONH CO 1-(Trifluoromethyl)-cyclopropyl 3.58^(b)) 573.1^(b)) Ik-297 CONHCO 1,1,1-Trifluorobutan-2-yl 3.89^(b)) 575.1^(b)) Ik-298 CONH CO1,1,1-Trifluoropentan-2-yl 4.11^(b)) 589.1^(b)) Ik-299 CONH CO4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-2-yl 3.63^(b)) 575.1^(b)) Ik-300 CONH CO4,4,4-Trifluoro-2-methylbutan- 4.00^(b)) 589.1^(b)) 2-yl Ik-301 CONH CO2-Methyl-1-(methylsulphonyl) 3.02^(b)) 599.1^(b)) propan-2-yl Ik-302CONH CO 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropyl 3.78^(b)) 597.1^(b)) Ik-303 CONH CO1-(3-Fluorophenyl)ethyl 3.89^(b)) 587.1^(b)) Ik-304 CONH CO3-Methylbenzyl 3.94^(b)) 569.1^(b)) Ik-305 CONH CO 2-Methylbenzyl3.89^(b)) 569.1^(b)) Ik-306 CONH CO 4-Methylbenzyl 3.94^(b)) 569.1^(b))Ik-307 CONH CO (2R)-1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl 3.78^(b)) 561.0^(b))Ik-308 CONH CO 2,4-Difluorobenzyl 3.94^(b)) 591.0^(b)) Ik-309 CONH CO3,4-Difluorobenzyl 3.94^(b)) 591.1^(b)) Ik-310 CONH CO(2S)-1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-methyl- 3.89^(b)) 589.1^(b)) butan-2-yl Ik-311CONH CO (1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.28^(b)) 523.1^(b)) Ik-312 CONH CO4-Fluorobenzyl 3.73^(b)) 573.0^(b)) Ik-313 CONH CO Pyridin-4-ylmethyl1.93^(b)) 555.9^(b)) Ik-314 CONH CO (1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl3.14^(a)) 524.1^(a)) Ik-315 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 3.42^(a)) 552.0^(a))Ik-316 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 3.38^(a)) 506.1^(a)) Ik-317 CONH CO2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.61^(a)) 548.1^(a)) Ik-318 CONH CO Cyclopropyl3.24^(a)) 506.1^(a)) Ik-319 CONH CO (1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl2.98^(a)) 524.1^(a)) Ik-320 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.37^(a))548.0^(a)) Ik-321 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 3.15^(a)) 506.0^(a)) Ik-322 CONHCO Cyclopropyl 3.03^(a)) 506.1^(a)) Ik-323 CONH CO2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl 3.22^(a)) 542.0^(a)) Ik-324 CONH CO Propyl3.33^(a)) 508.0^(a)) Ik-325 CONH CO 2-Methylcyclopropyl 3.35^(a))520.1^(a)) Ik-326 CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 3.28^(a)) 508.1^(a)) Ik-327 CONHCO (1S,2R)-2-Fluorocyclopropyl 2.98^(a)) 524.1^(a)) Ik-328 CONH CO3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 3.43^(a)) 540.0^(a)) Ik-329 CONH CO1-Trifluoromethylethyl 3.62^(a)) 562.1^(a)) Ik-330 CONH CO Cyclopropyln.d.^(a)) 472.1^(a)) Ik-331 CONH CO 2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.46^(a))490.1^(a)) Ik-332 CONH CO 2-Fluorocyclopropyl 3.65^(a)) 568.0^(a))Ik-333 CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.97^(a)) 592.0^(a)) Ik-334 CONH CO1-Trifluoromethylethyl 4.23^(a)) 606.0^(a)) Ik-335 CONH CO2-Methyl-1-(methylsulphanyl) 4.50^(a)) 613.9^(a)) propan-2-yl Ik-336CONH CO Propyl 3.82^(a)) 552.0^(a)) Ik-337 CONH CO 1-Cyclopropylethyl4.14^(a)) 578.0^(a)) Ik-338 CONH CO Prop-2-enyl 3.73^(a)) 549.9^(a))Ik-339 CON(CH₂CH₃) CO Cyclopropyl 4.37^(a)) 643.1^(a)) Ik-340 CON(CH₃)CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 3.84^(b)) 561.0^(b)) Ik-341 CON(CH₃) CO2,2-Difluoroethyl 3.53^(b)) 543.0^(b)) Ik-342 CON(Cyclopropyl) COPyridin-2-ylmethyl 3.47^(b)) 596.1^(b)) Ik-343 CO3,3-Difluoroazetidin-1-yl 3.58^(b)) 541.0^(b)) Ik-344 CONH(CH₂CH₃) COCyclopropyl 3.84^(b)) 533.1^(b)) Ik-345 CO CO4-(Trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1- 3.94^(b)) 601.1^(b)) yl Ik-346CON(Cyclopropyl) CO Cyclopropyl(tetrahydro-2H- 3.77^(b)) 589.1^(b))pyran-4-yl)amino Ik-347 CONH SO₂ Cyclopropyl 3.38^(a)) 541.0^(a)) Ik-348CONH SO₂ 1-Cyclopropylethyl 4.08^(a)) 569.1^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ik) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², Z³, R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(m), U and Q listed in Table 6.

TABLE 7 (II)

Ex. Mass No. Process Z¹ Z² R¹ A₄ A₃ A₂ A₁ L_(m) U Q logP [m/z]¹ II-1 ACF₂CF₃ CF₃ H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 3.37^(a)) 508.0^(a))

TABLE 8 (Ir)

Ex. Mass No. Process Z¹ Z² R1 A4 A3 A2 A1 L U Q logP [m/z]¹ Ir-1 A CF₃Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.48^(a)) 418.0^(a)) Ir-2 ACF₃ Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Cyclopropyl 2.27^(a)) 398.0^(a)) Ir-3A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 2.68^(a)) 420.0^(a))Ir-4 A CF₃ Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 1-Methylethyl 2.53^(a))400.1^(a)) Ir-5 A CF₃ Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Methyl 1.97^(a))372.0^(a)) Ir-6 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO Methyl 2.16^(a))392.0^(a)) Ir-7 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Me CONH CO Prop-2-enyl2.68^(a)) 432.0^(a)) Ir-8 A CF₃ Me H C—H C—Cl C—H C—Me CONH COProp-2-enyl 2.45^(a)) 412.1^(a)) Ir-9 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONHCO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.82^(a)) 460.0^(a)) Ir-10 A CF₃ Cl H C—H C—ClC—H C—H CONN CO 3-Chloroprop-2-enyl 2.86^(a)) 453.0^(a)) Ir-11 A CF₃ CH₃H C—H C—Cl C—H C—H CONH CO 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2.67^(a)) 440.0^(a))Extraordinarily preferred are also compounds of the general formulae(Ir) which are produced from any desired combination of the radicals Z¹,Z², R¹, A₄, A₃, A₂, A₁, L_(M), U and Q listed in Table 8.

¹The stated mass is the peak of the isotope pattern of the [M+H]⁺ ionwith the highest intensity; if the [M−H]⁻ ion has been detected, themass specified is indicated by².

² The stated mass is the peak of the isotope pattern of the [M−H]⁻ ionwith the highest intensity.

^(a)) Note regarding the determination of the log P values and massdetection: The log P values given were determined in accordance with EECDirective 79831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance LiquidChromatography) on a phase inversion column (C18). Agilent 1100 LCsystem; 50*4.6 Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 1.8 micron; eluent A:acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid); eluent 13: water (0.09% formic acid);linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile in 4.25 min,then 95% acetonitrile for a further 1.25 min; oven temperature 55° C.;flow: 2.0 ml/min. The mass detection is carried out via an Agilend MSDsystem.

^(b)) Note regarding the determination of the log P values and massdetection: The log P values given were determined in accordance with EECDirective 79831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance LiquidChromatography) on a phase inversion column (C18). HP1100; 50*4.6 ZorbaxEclipse Plus C18 1.8 micron; eluent A: acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid);eluent B: water (0.08% formic acid); linear gradient from 5%acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile in 1.70 min, then 95% acetonitrile fora further 1.00 min; oven temperature 55° C.; flow: 2.0 ml/min. The massdetection is carried out via the mass detector Micromass ZQ2000 fromWaters.

TABLE 9 Ex. No. NMR data Ia-1 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ =9.31 (bs, 1H), 7.73-7-68 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.90 (bs, 1H), 2.86 (s,3H), 2.85-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.81-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.56 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-1¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.85 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H). 8.32 (d,1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.46 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.80 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.67(m, 2H). 0.55-0.51 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-2 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ =10.78 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.45(m, 1H), 5.21-5.14 (q, 2H), 2.85-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H),0.55-0.51 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-3 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.91 (s,1H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 1H),2.86-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-4 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 9.05-9.02 (m, 1H),7.73-771 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.53 (m, 1H), 4.1-4.04 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-5 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.94 (s, 1H), 9.66 ( s, 1H), 8.61-8.55 (m, 1H),7.72-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 6.43-6.37 (m, 1H), 6.06-5.96 (m, 1H),4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.89 (m, 1H) ppm. Ib-9 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.70 (s, 1H), 9.04 (t, 1H), 7.73-7.71 (m,2H), 7.56-7.53 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.02 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-14 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.80 (s, 1H), 8.81 ( s, 1H), 7.77-7.72 (m, 2H) 7.50 (d,1H), 7.38-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 1H), 4.46 (d, 2H), 2.57 (s, 6H)ppm. Ib-16 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.49 (bs, 1H), 9.40(s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m,1H), 4.13-4.03 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-19 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.73(s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 1H),2.86-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 0.72-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52 (m, 2H)ppm. Ib-24 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.80 (s, 1H), 9.15 (s, 1H),9.00 (t, 1H), 7.80-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 4.11-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.70(s, 3H) ppm. Ib-27 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.56(s, 1H), 8.33 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.33 (t, 1H),2.87-2.80 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-30¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.85 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d,1H), 7.76-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.6 (d, 1H), 2.86-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.53-2.45 (m,1H), 1.39-1.21 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.16 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52(m, 2H) ppm. Ib-33 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.39 (s, 1H),9.06 (bs, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.35 (bs,1H), 4.13-4.04 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-34 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ =9.39 (s, 1H), 9.06 (bs, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d,1H), 7.35 (bs, 1H), 4.13-4.04 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-35 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.38 (s, 1H), 9.06 (bs, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H),7.67-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 6H), 4.53 (d, 2H) ppm.Ib-36 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.06 (s, 1H), 9.70 (bs, 1H), 8.44(d, 1H), 8.10 (d, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 2.85- 2.78 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.68 (m,2H), 0.55-0.51 (m, 2H) ppm. Ib-37 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ =9.39 (s, 1H), 9.16 (bs, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H) 7.46 (d, 1H),6.84 (d, 1H), 3.55-3.49 (m, 1H), 1.26 (d, 3H), 0.96-0.92 (m, 1H),0.52-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.27(m, 2H) ppm. Ie-1 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO):δ = 10.83 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.71(m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52(m, 2H) ppm. Ii-1 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.83 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d,1H), 8.32 (d, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 1H),2.86-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52 (m, 2H) ppm. Ij-1 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.69 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H),7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 5.17-5.10 (q, 2H), 2.85-2.80 (m,1H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.51 (m, 2H) ppm. Ij-2 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.68 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.69-7.66 (m,2H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 2H), 6.02-5.95 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 1H), 1.52 (d,3H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.51 (m, 2H) ppm. Ij-4 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.01 (bs, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H),7.67-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 6.91-6.82 (m, 2H),2.84-2.80 (m, 1H), 0.78-0.73 (m, 2H), 0.59-0.55 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-1 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.45 (bs, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dd,1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.94 (bs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.85 (m, 1H),0.72-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.60 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-2 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.16 (bs, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.52(d, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-3 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.24 (s, 1H), 8.49(1H, t, J = 2 Hz, NH), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd; J = 9.2Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 9 Hz), 4.05 (2H, dd, J = 5.5, 2.5 Hz), 4.00 (3H,s), 3.87 (1H, s) ppm. Ik-6 ¹H-NMR (d₃-d₃-acetonitrile) 9.40 (s, 1H, br),7.77 (d, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H, br), 3.98 (s,3H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55 (m, 1H) ppm. Ik-7 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.21 (bs, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 6.93(bs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.84 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.61(m, 2H) ppm. Ik-9 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 8.49 (1H, d, J = 4 Hz, NH), 7.70 (1H,dd, J = 8, 2.5 Hz), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz), 4.7 (1H, ddd,J = 62, 4.4 Hz), 4.00 (3H, s), 2.85 (1H, m), 1.15 (1H, m), 1.05 (1H, m)ppm. Ik-18 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 8.80 (bs, 1H), 7.73(d, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 6.79 (bs, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H),2.81-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.74-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.62 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-25¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.23 (bs, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.76(dd, 1H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 7.08 (bs, 1H), 6.78 (t, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H),2.81-2.86 (m, 1H), 0.74-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.60 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-43¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.43 (s, 1H), 9.12 (t, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.70(m, 2H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 4.53 (d, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-47 ¹H-NMR(d₆-DMSO) 11.42 (s, 1H), 11.30 (s, 1H, isomer), 8.78 (d, 1H, NH), 8.44(d, 1H, isomer), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.40 (d,1H), 7.30-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H),1.30-1.20 (m, 4H) ppm. Ik-51 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.23 (s, 1H), 8.40 (1H,s, NH), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.65 (1H, dd, J = 8, 2.5 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8Hz), 4.7 (1H, ddd, J = 62, 4.4 Hz), 4.00 (3H, s), 2.50 (1H, m), 1.40(1H, m), 1.00 (1H, m) ppm. Ik-52 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.20 (s, 1H), 8.82(t, 1H, NH), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.45 (dd, 1H), 7.35-7.30 (m,1H, 7.15 (m, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-59 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO)11.23 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 4.01 (6H, m), 1.55 (m,2H), 0.95 (t, 3H), 0.70 (t, 2H) ppm. Ik-60 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.44 (s,1H), 9.00 (t, 1H), 8.79 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 1H), 7.75 (dd, 1H), 7.55 (d,1H), 7.41 (t, 1H), 4.62 (d, 2H), 4.03 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-62 ¹H-NMR(d₆-DMSO) 11.42 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, 1H, NH), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H),7.53 (d, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, 3H), 0.90 (m, 1H),0.50-0.25 (m, 3H) ppm. Ik-63 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.25 (s, 1H), 8.95 (d,1H, NH), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 4.75 (m, 1H), 4.00(s, 3H), 1.33 (d, 3H) ppm. Ik-64 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.25 (s, 1H), 8.72(t, 1H, NH), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.65 (ddd,2H), 1.65 (t, 3H, J(H, F) = 18 Hz) ppm. Ik-83 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.18 (bs, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 6.94 (bs, 1H), 6.25-6.36 (m, 1H), 5.95-6.09 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s,3H) ppm. (mixture of E/Z isomers) Ik-84 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.29 (bs, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.48(d, 1H), 7.21-7.52 (m, 6H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-87 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.23 (bs, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.67 (dd,1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.24 (bs, 1H), 4.02-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm.Ik-90 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.46 (bs, 1H), 7.71 (d,1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.73 (bs, 1H), 4.09-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.98(s, 3H), 1.21 (d, 6H) ppm. Ik-93 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ =9.19 (bs, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 6.92 (bs, 1H),5.90-5.99 (m, 1H), 5.23 (dd, 1H), 5.13 (dd, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm.Ik-100 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.28 (bs, 1H), 7.57-7.62(m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 6.92 (bs, H), 6.18 (dq, 1H), 2.78-2.83 (m, 1H),1.98 (d, 1H), 0.73-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.60 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-107 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.19 (bs, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 7.76 (dd,1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-117(d₆-DMSO) 0.45 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 4.21 (s, 3H), 7.46(m, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 8.30 (br · s, 1H). Ik-118(d₃-acetonitrile) 3.38 (m, 1H) 4.07 (s, 3H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H),7.76 (m, 1H), 8.87 (br · s, 1H). Ik-123 (d₃-acetonitrile) 0.45 (m, 2H),0.72 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.3-7.4 (m,2H), 7.4- 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.91 (br · s, 1H). Ik-132 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile; mixture of cis and trans configured amides): δ =6.55-7.63 (m, 4H), 3.98 & 3.84 (2 s, together 3H), 3.45 & 3.21 (2 s,together 3H), 2.77-2.90 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.81 (m 2H), 0.51-0.63 (m, 2H)ppm. Ik-137 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile; mixture of cis and transconfigured amides): δ = 7.58 & 7.39 (2 d, together 1H), 7.16-7.31 (m,2H), 6.77 & 6.99 (2 bs, together 1H), 4.90-4.98 (m, 1H), 3.86 & 3.98 (2s, together 3H), 2.76- 2.82 (m, 1H), 1.17-1.23 (m, 6H), 0.73-0.80 (m,2H), 0.53-0.58 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-138 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ= 7.38-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H), 7.10 (bs, 1H),3.84-4.12 (m, 7H), 1.24 (t, 3H) ppm. Ik-142 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.16 (BS, 1H), 8.26 (D, 1H), 7.27-7.42 (M, 6H),4.54 (d, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-146 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.08 (bs, 1H), 8.52 (dd, 1H), 7.43 (bs, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 4.08-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-147 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.00 (bs, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.98(bs, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.85 (m. 1H), 0.74-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.62(m, 2H) ppm. Ik-149 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.30 (bs,1H), 7.90-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.35(m, 5H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-151 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 8.99 (bs, 1H), 8.44 (d, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.45(bs, 1H), 4.07-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.03 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-154 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 8.83 (bs, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.71 (dd, 1H), 7.48(d, 1H), 7.21 (bs, 1H), 4.02-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.07 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-155¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.11 (bs, 1H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 1H),7.70-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.20 (dd, 1H), 6.92 (bs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.90(m, 1H), 0.75-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.59-0.63 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-156 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.13 (bs, 1H), 8.04-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.82(m, 1H), 7.35 (bs, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H), 4.05-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H)ppm. Ik-158 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 8.84 (bs, 1H), 7.77(d, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.10 (bs, 1H), 4.79-4.88 (m, 1H),4.07 (s, 3H), 1.39 (d, 3H) ppm. Ik-161 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.18 (bs, 1H), 7.99 (dd, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 1H),7.25 (dd, 1H), 7.10 (bs, 1H), 4.85-4.93 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 1.41 (d,3H) ppm. Ik-162 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.26 (bs, 1H),7.95 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.48 (m, 7H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.98(s, 3H) ppm. Ik-167 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.40 (bs,1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.61 (dd, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 6.93 (bs, 1H), 2.79-2.84(m, 1H), 1.66 (s, 9H), 0.73-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.60 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-169¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.17 (bs, 1H), 8.12-8.19 (m, 1H),7.61 (dd, 1H), 7.16 (bs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.81-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.80(m, 2H) 0.53-0.59 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-170 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile):δ = 8.93 (bs, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 6.79 (bs, 1H), 4.01 (s,3H), 2.78-2.85 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.59 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-172¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.13 (bs, 1H), 7.70-7.71 (m, 1H),7.63 (d, 1H), 7.54-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.26- 7.42 (m, 5H), 7.13 (bs, 1H), 4.54(d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-173 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ =9.16 (bs, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.20 (bs,1H), 4.02-4.11 (m 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-174 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.14 (bs, 1H), 7.68-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H),7.58 (dd, 1H), 7.07 (bs, 1H), 4.78-4.88 (m, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm.Ik-175 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.25 (bs, 1H), 7.53-7.65(m, 3H), 6.77 (bs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.86 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.79 (m,2H), 0.60-0.62 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-178 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.40(s, 1H), 9.15 (t, 1H), 8.17 (d, 3H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 4.01-4.12 (m, 5H)ppm. Ik-179 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.15 (bs, 1H),7.70-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 6.79 (bs, 1H), 2.81-2.89(m, 1H), 0.72-0.81 (m 2 H), 0.51-0.64 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-181 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.51 (bs, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.86 (dd, 1H),7.82 (d, 1H), 7.32 (bs, 1H), 4.04-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-183¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.11 (bs, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.58(d, 1H), 7.38 (dd, 1H), 6.68 (bs, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.85 (m, 1H),0.73-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.62-0.65 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-187 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.33 (bs, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 6.88(bs, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.82-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.75-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.63(m, 2H) ppm. Ik-189 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 7.78 (d, 1H),7.49 (d, 1H), 7.24-7.42 (m, 6H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-192¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.26 (bs, 1H), 7.63 (dd, 1H),7.22-7.46 (m, 7H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-194¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.44 (bs, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H),7.34 (s, 1H), 6.76 (bs, 1H) 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.72-2.78 (m,1H), 0.70-0.76 (m, 2H) 0.58-0.62 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-197 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.08 (bs, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.42(d, 1H), 6.78 (bs, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.82-2.88 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.80 (m,2H), 0.54-0.61 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-199 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ= 9.38 (bs, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.43 (dd, 2H), 7.38 (dt,2H), 7.27-7.31 (m, 2H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H) ppm.Ik-203 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.35 (bs, 1H), 7.92 (d,1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.33 (bs, 1H), 4.07-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.38(s, 3H) ppm. Ik-204 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.25 (bs,1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 6.71 (bs, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.86(m, 1H), 0.73-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.64 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-208 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.25 (bs, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H),7.26-7.41 (m, 5H), 7.14 (bs, 1H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-213¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.24 (bs, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.48(d, 1H), 6.75 (bs, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.76-2.89 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.80 (m,2H), 0.58-0.62 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-216 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ= 9.18 (bs, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.22 (bs,1H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 4.03-4.13 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.48 (m, 3H) ppm. Ik-218¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.19 (bs, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.62(dd, 1H), 7.44 (d, H), 6.78 (bs, 1H), 4.66-4.75 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.87 (m,1H), 1.49 (d, 6H), 0.72-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.62 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-220¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.20 (bs, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 7.65(dd, 1H), 7.49 (d, H), 7.23 (bs, 1H), 5.55 (s, 2H), 4.02-4.11 (m, 2H),3.37 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-222 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.33(bs, 1H), 8.05 (t, 1H), 7.97 (t, 1H), 7.80 (t, H), 7.62 (bs, 1H), 7.24-7.48 (m, 5H), 4.54 (d, 2H), 3.98 (d, 3H) ppm. Ik-229 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₃-acetonitrile): δ = 9.54 (bs, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.27-7.44 (m, 7H),4.54 (d, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-230 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ =11.09 (br · s, 1H), 8.32 (br · d, 1H), 7.65-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.47 (m,1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.82-2.83 (m, 1H), 1.74 (d, 6H), 0.68-0.71 (m, 2H),0.51-0.55 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-231 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.38 (s,1H), 8.57 (d, 1H), 7.69-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 4.00(s, 3H), 2.83-2.88 (m, 1H), 0.71-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.56 (m, 2H) ppm.Ik-235 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.53 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.72(m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 0.92(m, 2H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-236 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.79 (s, 1H), 9.03 (m, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.76(m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.27 (t, 1H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H) ppm.Ik-239 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.84 (s, 1H), 9.02 (m, 1H), 7.78(m, 1H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.27 (t, 1H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s1H) ppm. Ik-240 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.65 (s, 1H), 8.32 (m,1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 3.87 (s,3H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-243 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.68 (s, 1H), 9.01 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d,1H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-245 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ= 10.60 (s, 1H), 8.32 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H),4.85 (m, 2H), 3.81 (sm 3H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H)ppm. Ik-246 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.40 (s, 1H), 7.83 (m, 2H),7.52 (m, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 4.82 (m, 2H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H)ppm. Ik-248 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.94 (s, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H),7.87 (m, 2H), 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.34 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H),2.83 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m, 2H), 0.52 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-249 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMF): δ = 10.89 (s, 1H), 8.42 (m, 1H), 8.16 (d, 2H), 7.97 (m, 1H),7.94 (d, 2H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 4.14 (s, 4H), 2.97 (m, 1H),0.78 (m, 2H), 0.53 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-25 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile):δ = 9.23 (bs, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.76 (dd, 1H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 7.08 (bs,1H), 6.78 (t, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.81-2.86 (m, 1H), 0.74-0.79 (m, 2H),0.55-0.60 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-253 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMF): δ = 10.92 (s,1H), 9.16 (t, 1H), 8.16 (d, 2H), 8.04 (m, 1H), 7.95 (m, 3H), 7.61 (d,1H, 4.26 (m, 2H), 4.14 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-257 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ= 10.69 (s, 1H), 9.00 (m, 1H), 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H),4.88 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-258 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.24 (s, 1H), 9.03 (m, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 2H),7.77 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-259¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.18 (s, 1H), 8.34 (m, 1H), 8.22 (s,1H), 8.18 (s, 2H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m,2H), 0.55 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-260 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.39 (s,1H), 8.28 (m, 1H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 4.87 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s,3H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m, 2H), 0.54 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-261 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.97 (s, 1H), 8.31 (m, 1H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d,1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 0.94 (m, 2H), 0.85 (m,2H), 0.69 (m, 2H), 0.54 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-262 (d₃-acetonitrile) 0.52 (m,2H), 0.75 (m, 2H) 2.83 (m, 2H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 4.46 (m, 2H), 5.20 (m,1H), 5.90 (m, 2H), 7.3-7.5 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.76 (m, 1H), 9.0 (brs, 1H).Ik-263 (d₆-DMSO) 0.45 (m, 2H), 0.70 (m, 2H), 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.67 (m, 2H),2.85 (m, 1H) 3.96 (s, 3H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H),8.10 (s, 1H), 8.26 (br · s, 1H). Ik-264 (d₆-DMSO) 0.46 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m,2H), 2.87 (m, 1H) 4.17 (s, 3H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m,1H), 8.30 (br · s, 1H). Ik-265 (d₆-DMSO) 0.47 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H),2.83 (m, 1H) 4.19 (s, 3H), 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.77 (m, 1H),8.30 (br · s, 1H). Ik-269 (d₆-DMSO) 3.93 (m, 2H) 4.03 (s, 3H), 6.01 (m,1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.59 (m,1H). Ik-270 ¹H-NMR (d₃-d₃-acetonitrile) 9.25 (s, 1H, br), 8.50 (s, 1H,br), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.25(m, 3H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 1.50 (d, 3H) ppm. Ik-272 ¹H-NMR(d₆-DMSO) 10.94 (s, 1H), 9.00 (t, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.77 (dd, 1H), 7.52(d, 1H), 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 4.46 (d, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.65(q, 2H), 1.09 (t, 3H) ppm. Ik-273 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.46 (s, 1H), 9.52(t, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 4.78(d, 2H), 4.03 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-276 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.43 (s, 1H), 9.96(d, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.78 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 6.40(m, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-278 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.44(s, 1H), 9.23 (d, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.24(dd, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 5.30 (m, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.80 (dd, 1H), 3.15(dd, 1H) ppm. Ik-279 ¹H-NMR (d₃-d₃-acetonitrile) 9.28 (s, 1H, br), 7.72(d, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H, br). 3.98 (s, 3H),2.84 (m, 1H), 1.09 (d, 3H), 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.95 (m, 1H), 0.25 (m, 1H)ppm. Ik-280 ¹H-NMR (d₃-d₃-acetonitrile) 9.27 (s, 1H, br), 7.68 (d, 1H),7.64 (dd, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H, br), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.50 (m,1H), 1.09 (d, 3H), 0.95 (m, 1H), 0.75 (m, 1H), 0.55 (m, 1H) ppm. Ik-281¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.43 (s, 1H), 8.60 (t, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.67 (dd,1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 4.10 (q, 2H, J (H, F) = 9 Hz), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.70 (t,2H), 3.40 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-285 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.40 (s, 1H), 8.49 (d,1H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m,4H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-287 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.39 (s,1H), 8.66 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 4.50(m, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.28 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-288 ¹H-NMR(d₆-DMSO) 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.54(d, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 4.00 (m, 1H), 1.30 (d, 3H), 1.20 (m, 1H),1.10-1.00 (m, 3H) ppm. Ik-289 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.39 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s,1H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s,2H), 1.36 (s, 3H) ppm. Ik-293 ¹H-NMR (d₃-d₃-acetonitrile) 9.30 (s, 1H,br), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H, br), 4.86(m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.57 (s, 1H), 1.46 (d, 3H) ppm. Ik-299 ¹H-NMR(d₆-DMSO) 11.44 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.55(d, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 1.24 (d, 3H) ppm.Ik-300 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.39 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.73 (dd, 1H), 7.60(d, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.95 (q, 2H, J (H,F) = 13 Hz), 1.42(s, 6H) ppm. Ik-311 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 8.49 (1H, d, J = 4 Hz, NH), 7.70(1H, dd, J = 8, 2.5 Hz), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz), 4.7 (1H,ddd, J = 62, 4.4 Hz), 4.00 (3H, s), 2.85 (1H, m), 1.15 (1H, m), 1.05(1H, m) ppm. Ik-342 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 7.86(d, 1H), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1h), 4.75 (s, 2H, br), 4.04 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 2H),0.45 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-345 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) 11.43 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.70 (m,2H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m,1H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 4H) ppm. Ik-347 ¹H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 8.17 (m, 1H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 2H), 4.15(s, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 0.67 (m 2H), 0.49 (m, 2H) ppm. Ik-348 ¹H-NMR (400MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.15 (m,1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 1.17 (d, 3H), 0.90 (m,1H), 0.43 (m, 1H), 0.33 (m, 2H), 0.22 (m, 1H) ppm. Il-1 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,d₆-DMSO): δ = 11.05 (br · m, 1H), 8.33 (br · d, 1H), 7.63-7.67 (m, 2H),7.48 (d, 1H), 2.80- 2.86 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.55 (m, 2H)ppm. Ir-2 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.60 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H),8.14 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 2.86-2.81(m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.52 (m, 2H) ppm. Ir-10¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.79 (s, 1H), 8.58-8.54 (m, 1H), 8.37(d, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.49 (d,1H), 6.43-6.37 (m, 1H), 6.06-5.96 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.89(m, 1H) ppm. Ir-11 ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ = 10.66 (s, 1H), 8.99(m, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 4.10-4.01 (m,1H), 2.64 (s, 3H) ppm.

Preparation of the Starting Compounds Ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

A mixture of 1.620 g (10 mmol) of 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide(commercially available) and 2.222 g (10 mmol) of ethyl(2Z)-2-(ethoxymethylidene)-4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutanoate (for preparationsee WO 2005/123690) in 10 ml of absolute ethanol is stirred under refluxfor 4 days after adding 0.680 g (10 mmol) of sodium methylate. Themixture is then concentrated by evaporation in vacuo and the residue istaken up in 10 ml of water and extracted twice with 10 ml of ethylacetate. The organic phases are washed successively with 5 ml of waterand 5 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodiumsulphate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation in vacuo.Chromatographic purification with a mixture of cyclohexane and ethylacetate gives 1.264 g (3.95 mM, 39.5% of theory) of ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate as awhite solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.58 (s, 1H), 7.49 (t, 1H), 4.45 (q, 2H),1.38 (t, 3H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.42 mass (m/z)=321 [M+H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

Ethyl 2-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylatefrom ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylidene)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate(commercially available) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.66 (s, 1H), 4.45 (q, 2H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.86 mass (m/z)=339 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 2-(heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylatefrom ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylidene)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate(commercially available) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanimidamide(commercially available or for preparation see Journal of FluorineChemistry, 2003, 122(2), 175-182)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.68 (s, 1H), 4.46 (q, 2H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.32 mass (m/z)=389 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 4,6-dimethyl-2-(pentafluroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate fromethyl (2E)-2-acetyl-3-ethoxybut-2-enoate (for preparation see J. Med.Chem. 2006, 49, 6351) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanimidamide

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=4.46 (q, 2H), 3.1 (s, 6H), 1.36 (t, 3H)ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.68 mass (m/z)=299 [M+H]⁺.

Ethyl 4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate iscommercially available.

Ethyl 4-methyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate can besynthesized analogously to the procedure

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letters, 2005, 15, 4898.

4-(Difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

1.150 g (3.59 mM) of ethyl4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyridimine-5-carboxylate aredissolved in 4 ml of absolute ethanol. 5.388 ml (10.77 mM) of 2N sodiumhydroxide solution are added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hat room temperature.

2N hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH to 2-3. The resultingsolid is filtered off with suction, washed with a small amount of waterand titrated with cyclohexane. This gives 0.870 g (2.98 mM, 82.9% oftheory) of4-(difluoromethyl)-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid aswhite solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.55 (s, 1H), 7.58 (t, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.80 mass (m/z)=293 [M±H]⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way;

2-(Pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acidfrom ethyl2-(penta-fluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.40 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.80 mass (m/z)=311 [M+H]⁺.

2-(Heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acidfrom ethyl2-(heptafluoropropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.50 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.23 mass (m/z)=361 [M+H]⁺.

4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4-methyl-2-(trifluoro-methyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.19 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.26 mass (m/z)=207 [M+H]⁺.

4-Methyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4-methyl-2-(penta-fluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.25 (s, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.97 mass (m/z)=257 [M+H]⁺.

4,6-Dimethyl-2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid from ethyl4,6-dimethyl-2-(penta-fluoroethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=2.58 (s, 6H) ppm.

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.63 mass (m/z)=271 [M+H]⁺.

4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid from4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine was prepared analogously to theliterature source European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004, 18, 3793from 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ=9.13 (d, 1H), 9.07 (d, 1H) ppm.

HPLC-MS: log P=1.16 mass (m/z)=226 [M+H]⁺.

5-Cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole

42.0 g (146.8 mM) of5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole [forsynthesis see Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya 1990,(11), 2583-9] and 11.5 g (234.9 mM) of sodium cyanide are suspended in150 ml of acetonitrile p.A. and then heated under reflux temperatureunder a protective gas atmosphere. After cooling, the reaction mixtureis poured onto a mixture of 300 ml of distilled water and 300 ml ofdiethyl ether. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethylether. The combined organic phases are washed twice with water and oncewith saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase isdried over sodium sulphate and then filtered. The solvent is removedunder reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and the resulting residueis subjected to fractional distillation in vacuo.

This gives 37.0 g (119.9 mM, 82% of theory) of5-cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole ascolourless liquid (b.p. 74° C. 10 mbar).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile): δ=4.11 (s, 3H, CH₃) ppm

GC-MS: Retention time 2.67 min; mass (m/z): 224 (M)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid

11.0 g (37.5 mM) of5-cyano-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole, 22.0 mlof 50% strength sodium hydroxide solution and 7.0 ml of distilled waterare heated in an oil bath until the solid has melted. The reactionmixture is then stirred overnight (oil bath temperature 100° C.). Aftercooling, the reaction mixture is poured onto a mixture of 150 ml ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and 150 ml of ice. It is afterstirred for0.5 h and the solid is filtered off. The solid is washed with a smallamount of water and then dried in an oil pump vacuum.

This gives 11.2 g (35.7 mM, 95% of theory) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acidas a white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.08 (s, 3H, CH₃) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=1.86; mass (m/z): 313.0 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

7.18 g (155.83 mmol) of methylhydrazine are added dropwise to a solutionof 30.90 g (141.67 mmol) of(E)-5-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropent-4-en-3-one (preparation:Synthesis 2000, 5, 738-42) in 56 ml of methanol and the reaction mixtureis heated under reflux for 18 hours. The majority of the methanol isdistilled off at atmospheric pressure and the residue is added to ice.The aqueous phase is extracted three times with dichloromethane and theorganic phase is then washed three times with saturated sodium chloridesolution. After drying over sodium sulphate, the solvent is distilledoff at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. This gives 15.81 g (52%of theory) of 1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.89 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.57 (m, 1H, CH),7.61 (m, 1H, CH) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.29; Mass (m/z): 201 (M+H)⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

1-Methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole from(E)-5-ethoxy-1-(1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropent-4-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.89 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.54 (m, 1H, CH),7.58 (m, 1H, CH) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.46; mass (m/z): 217 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole from(E)-5-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorohex-4-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.94 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.65 (m, 1H, CH),7.91 (m, 1H, CH) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.84; mass (m/z): 251 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole from(E)-5-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorohept-4-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.97 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.57 (m, 1H, CH),7.61 (m, 1H, CH) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.38; mass (m/z): 301 (M+H)⁺.

3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolefrom(E)-5-ethoxy-3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-4-en-3-one

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.90 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.54 (m, 1H, CH),7.58 (m, 1H, CH) ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.79; mass (m/z): 333 (M+H)⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole

At 40° C., 3.27 g (20.45 mmol) of bromine are added dropwise to asolution of 4.65 g (18.59 mmol) of1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole in 18 ml of water and thereaction mixture is afterstirred firstly at 60° C. for 1 hour and thenat room temperature for 18 hours. The aqueous phase is extracted threetimes with dichloromethane and the organic phase is dried over sodiumsulphate. The dichloromethane is distilled off at reduced pressure on arotary evaporator. This gives 5.75 g (77.85% of theory) of1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-4-bromo-1H-pyrazole as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.90 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.73 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.53; mass (m/z): 330 (M+H)⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole from1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.90 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.77 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.99; mass (m/z): 280 (M+H)⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-O-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole from1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=3.89 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.75 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.17; mass (m/z): 296 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

Under an argon atmosphere, 5.00 g (24.99 mmol) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole are initially introduced indiethyl ether and the solution is cooled to −78° C. 11.09 ml (27.73mmol) of 2M lithium diisopropylamide solution in THF/heptane are addeddropwise and, at −30° C. with vigorous stirring, 450 g of crushed dryice are added. When the evolution of gas has finished, the reactionmixture is admixed with 235 ml of water and adjusted to a pH of 11 with1N sodium hydroxide solution. The alkaline solution is extracted threetimes with ethyl acetate and then adjusted to pH 2 with 1N hydrochloricacid. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with ethyl acetate andthe organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate. Distilling off thesolvent on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure gives 1.20 g(17.75% of theory) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid as a solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.16 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.14 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.08; mass (m/z): 245 (M+H)⁺.

The following were obtaine in the same way:

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.15 (s, 3H, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=4.69; mass (m/z): 324 (M+H)⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-heptafluoropropyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.15 (s, 3H, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.26; mass (m/z): 374 (M+H)⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from4-bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.14 (s, 311, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=2.43; mass (m/z): 340 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid from1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.17 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.14 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.01; mass (m/z): 345 (M+H)⁺.

3-{[Difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ 4.16 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.11 (m, 1H, CH)ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.38; mass (m/z): 377 (M+H)⁺.

4-Bromo-1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

At 40° C., 0.255 g (1.60 mmol) of bromine is added dropwise to asolution of 0.50 g (1.45 mmol) of 1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazolein 3.5 ml of water and the reaction mixture is afterstirred firstly at60° C. for 1 hour and then at room temperature for 3 days. The aqueousphase is extracted three times with dichloromethane and the organicphase is dried over sodium sulphate. The dichloromethane is distilledoff at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. This gives 0.54 g(80.12% of theory) of4-bromo-1-methyl-3-nonafluorobutyl-1H-pyrazolecarboxylic acid as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.16 (s, 3H, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.17; mass (m/z): 424 (M+H)⁺.

The following were obtained in the same way:

4-Bromo-3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylicacid from 3-{[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy](difluoro)methyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxyl is acid

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.14 (s, 3H, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS^(a)): log P=3.56; mass (m/z): 456 (M+H)⁺.

1-Methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid

1.34 g (2.46 mmol) of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate and then 0.75 g (2.95mmol) of iodine are added to a solution of 1.20 g (4.91 mmol) of1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazole in 4.3 ml of acetonitrile andthe reaction mixture is heated under reflux for 18 hours. After adding20 ml of dichloromethane, the mixture is washed firstly with water, withsodium disulphite solution and finally with saturated sodium chloridesolution. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and thesolvent is distilled off at reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator.This gives 1.28 g (47% of theory) of4-iodo-1-methyl-3-pentafluoroethyl-1H-pyrazolecarboxylic acid as an oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₃-acetonitrile) δ=4.16 (s, 3H, CH₃), ppm;

HPLC-MS: log P=2.33; mass (m/z): 371 (M+H)⁺.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES

The effectiveness of the compounds according to the invention in respectof animal pests is illustrated by the following biological examples.

Example A Phaedon Test (PHAECO Spray Treatment)

-   Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone    -   1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide-   Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentrationwith emulsifier-containing water.

Discs of Chinese cabbage leaves (Brassica pekinensis) are sprayed withan active ingredient preparation of the desired concentration and, afterdrying, populated with larvae of the mustard beetle (Phaedoncochleariae).

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all of the beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that no beetlelarvae have been killed.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-90, lak-1, lak-92, lak-89, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86,lak-85, lak-84, lak-83, lak-82, lak-81, lak-79, lak-80, lak-74, lak-75,lak-76, lak-77, lak-73, lar-2, lai-1, lai-4, lak-69, lae-1, lae-4,lak-35, lak-36, lak-37, lak-38, lak-39, lak-40, lak-41, lak-42, lak-43,lak-44, lak-45, lak-46, lak-47, lak-48, lak-49, lak-50, lak-51, lak-52,lak-53, lak-54, lak-55, lak-57, lak-3, lak-59, lak-60, lak-61, lak-62,lak-63, lak-64, lak-65, lak-66, lak-67, lak-68, lak-31, lak-30, lak-26,lak-27, lak-28, lab-1, lar-9, lar-10, lak-25, lab-2, lak-24, lak-18,lak-19, lak-20, lak-21, lak-22, lak-23, lak-16, lak-17, lak-15, lak-13,lak-14, laj-1, lab-3, lab-4, lab-5, lak-11, lak-12, lak-9, lak-7,lak-102, lak-6, lak-4, lak-98, lak-99, lak-100, lak-95, lak-96, lak-117,lak-118, lak-119, lak-120, lak-121, lak-122, lab-9, laj-3, lab-7,lab-10, laj-2, lak-5, lab-18, lab-15, lab-16, lab-17, lab-24, lab-31,lab-27, lab-28, lab-29, lab-30

Example B Spodoptera frugiperda Test (SPODFR Spray Treatment)

-   Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone    -   1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide-   Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentrationwith emulsifier-containing water.

Discs of maize leaves (Zea mays) are sprayed with an active ingredientpreparation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populatedwith caterpillars of the army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all of the caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that nocaterpillars have been killed.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-90, lak-1, lak-87, lak-86, lak-84, lak-83, lak-80,lak-75, lak-73, lak-35, lak-36, lak37, lak-38, lak-39, lak-40, lak-43,lak-44, lak-47, lak-49, lak-54, lak-57, lak-3, lak-59, lak-61, lak-62,lak-63, lak-64, lak-65, lak-66, lak-67, lak-68, lak-31, lak-30, lak-26,lak-28, lak-18, lak-19, lak-21, lak-22, lak-16, lak-13, lak-11, lak-9,lak-7, lak-6, lak-99, lak-95, lak-117, lak-118, lak-119, lak-120,lak-121, lak-122, lab-9, lab-15, lab-16, lab-17, lab-31, lab-29, lab-30

Example C Myzus Test (MYZUPE Spray Treatment)

-   Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone    -   1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide-   Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentrationwith emulsifier-containing water.

Discs of Chinese cabbage leaves (Brassica pekinensis) which are infestedby all stages of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are sprayed withan active ingredient preparation of the desired concentration.

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all aphids have been killed; 0% means that no aphids have beenkilled.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-90, lak-1, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-83,lak-82, lak-2, lak-66, lak-33, lak-32, lak-30, lak-24, lak-22, lak-104,lab-3, lak-9, lak-6, lab-15, lak-108, lab-19, lab-20, lab-23, lab-24,lab-27, lab-30, lak-113, lak-34

Example D Tetranychus Test, OP-Resistant (TETRUR Spray Treatment)

-   Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone    -   1.5 parts by weight of dimethylformamide-   Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentrationwith emulsifier-containing water.

Discs of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) which are infested by allstages of the greenhouse red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) aresprayed with an active ingredient preparation of the desiredconcentration.

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all spider mites have been killed; 0% means that no spider miteshave been killed.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-92, lak-89, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-84,lak-83, lak-82, lak-81, lak-78, lak-79, lak-80, lak-2, lak-36, lak-37,lak-38, lak-39, lak-40, lak-41, lak-42, lak-43, lak-44, lak-45, lak-46,lak-47 lak-48, lak-49, lak-50, lak-51, lak-52, lak-54, lak-53, lak-57,lak-3, lak-60, lak-61, lak-62, lak-63, lak-64 lak-66, lak-67, lak-68,lak-33, lak-32, lak-31, lak-30, lak-28, lab-2, lak-24, lak-18, lak-19,lak-20, lak-21, lak-22, lak-23, lak-16, lak-14, lab-3, lab-4, lab-5,lab-6, lak-12, lak-9, lak-7, lak-98, lak-117, lak-118, lak-119, lak-120,lak-122, lab-9, lab-7, lab-10, lab-8, lab-18, lab-13, lab-14, lab-15Jab-16, lab-17, lab-22, lab-27, lab-28, lab-29

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-90, lak-1

Example E Lucilia cuprina Test (LUCICU)

-   Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and theconcentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water.

Vessels containing horsemeat which has been treated with the activeingredient preparation of the desired concentration are populated withLucilia cuprina larvae.

After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all larvae have been killed; 0% means that no larvae have beenkilled.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 ppm, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-90, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-84, lak-83,lak-80, lak-37, lak-38, lak-39, lak-40, lak-43, lak-47, lak-49, lak-51,lak-3, lak-62, lak-63, lak-64, lak-67, lak-68, lak-32, lak-18, lak-19,lak-22

Example F Ctenocephalides felis; Oral (CTECFE)

-   Solvent: 1 part by weight of dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 2 parts by weightof active ingredient are mixed with the stated amount of solvent. Partof the concentrate is diluted with citrated cattle blood, and thedesired concentration is prepared.

20 unfed adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are placed into a chamberwhich is closed at the top and bottom with gauze. A metal cylinder whosebottom end is closed with parafilm is placed onto the chamber. Thecylinder contains the blood/active ingredient preparation, which can betaken up by the fleas through the parafilm membrane.

After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all of the fleas have been killed; 0% means that no fleas have beenkilled.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 ppm, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-90, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-83, lak-82, lak-39,lak-43, lak-47, lak-49, lak-51, lak-3, lak-62, lak-63, lak-64, lak-68,lak-18, lak-22

Example G Musca domestica Test (MUSCDO)

-   Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and theconcentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water.

Vessels containing a sponge which has been treated with the activeingredient preparation of the desired concentration are populated withMusca domestica adults.

After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all of the flies have been killed; 0% means that no flies have beenkilled.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 ppm, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-90, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-39, lak-40, lak-51, lak-3,lak-62, lak-63, lak-64, lak-67

Example H Boophilus microplus Test (BOOPMI Injection)

-   Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and theconcentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water.

The active ingredient solution is injected into the abdomen (Boophilusmicroplus), the animals are transferred to dishes and stored in aclimatically controlled room. The effect is monitored by deposition offertile eggs.

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat no ticks have laid fertile eggs.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit good effectiveness at an application rate of 20μg/animal: see table

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-90, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-84, lak-83,lak-82, lak-80, lak-37, lak-38, lak-39, lak-40, lak-43, lak-47, lak-49,lak-51, lak-3, lak-64, lak-68, lak-18, lak-19, lak-22

Example I Boophilus microplus Test (BOOPMI Dip)

-   Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and theconcentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water.

Adult female ticks (Boophilus microplus) are placed in perforatedplastic beakers and immersed in the desired concentration for oneminute. The ticks are transferred on filter paper to dishes. The ticksare stored under climatically controlled conditions for 42 days and eggdeposition is observed.

After the desired time, the effect in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat no ticks have laid fertile eggs.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 ppm, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-93, lak-88, lak-87, lak-86, lak-85, lak-83, lak-51, lak-3,lak-62, lak-63, lak-64, lak-67, lak-19, lak-22

Example J Amblyomma hebaraeum Test (AMBYHE)

-   Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide

To produce a suitable active ingredient preparation, 1 part by weight ofactive ingredient is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, and theconcentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water.

Nymphs of ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum) are placed in perforated plasticbeakers and immersed in the desired concentration for one minute. Theticks are transferred on filter paper to a Petri dish and stored in aclimatically controlled cabinet for 42 days.

After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. Here, 100% meansthat all ticks have been killed; 0% means that no ticks have beenkilled.

In this test, for example, the following compounds of the preparationexamples exhibit, at an application rate of 100 ppm, an effect of ≧80%:

Ex. No.: lak-90, lak-83

1. A method of controlling an animal pest comprising contacting saidanimal pest or a habitat thereof with a compound of formula (I)

in which R¹ is hydrogen, or one of optionally substituted groupsC₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl,C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl,aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, A₁ is CR² or nitrogen, A₂is CR³ or nitrogen, A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen, and A₄ is CR⁵ or nitrogen,wherein not more than three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄ are nitrogenat the same time; R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵, independently of one another, arehydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di-C₂-C₆-alkylamino,N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl orC₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl; provided: if none of the groups A₂ and A₃ isnitrogen, then R³ and R⁴, together with the carbon to which they arebonded, can form a 5- or 6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, orif none of the groups A₁ and A₂ is nitrogen, then R² and R³, togetherwith the carbon to which they are bonded, can form a 6-membered ringwhich comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms; U is a group C(═W), SO or SO₂,where W is oxygen or sulphur; L is a bivalent chemical group which is—NHC(═W)—, —NR⁶C(═W)—, —CH₂NHC(═W)—, —CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—, —C(═W)NH—,—C(═W)NR⁶, —C(═W)NHCH₂—, —C(═W)NR⁶CH₂—, —CH═N—OCH₂C(═W)NH—,—CH═N—OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NH—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NR⁶—, —NH(C═W)NH—,—NH(═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—, —NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—,—C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—,—C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, —Si—, —O—, —S(O)_(p)—,—CH₂—S(O)_(p)—, —SO(═N—CN)—, —S(═N—CN)—, or —C(═W)NHSO₂—, where p is 0,1 or 2; R⁶ is hydrogen, or one of optionally substituted groupsC₁-C₆-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl andC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, or C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; mis 0 or 1; Q is hydrogen or one of the optionally substituted groupsC₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyde, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, orC₁-C₆-haloalkyl; or is formyl, hydroxy, halogen, cyano,aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, OR⁷, or NR⁶R⁸; R⁷ is one ofoptionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R⁸ ishydrogen or one of optionally R⁹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R⁹ is hydrogen or one of groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, all of which are optionally substituted by R¹⁰;R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN, or —NO₂; T is anoptionally Z-polysubstituted saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-memberedring, or is an optionally Z-polysubstituted 5- or 6-memberedheterocyclic ring; Z is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, or nitro, or is one ofoptionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl, C₁-C₄-alkynyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino, —CN, —NO₂,—C(═W)NR¹¹R⁵, —C(═W)OR¹², —S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —S(O)_(p)R¹⁵, or—S(O)(═NR¹⁶)R¹⁷; or is optionally R¹⁸-substituted phenyl and oroptionally R¹⁸ substituted pyridinyl; R¹¹ is hydrogen or one ofoptionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; R¹² ishydrogen or one of optionally R⁶-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹³ is hydrogen or one of optionally substitutedgroups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl,C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; R¹⁴ is hydrogen or one ofoptionally R¹⁹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹⁵ is one of optionally R²⁰-substituted groupsC₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl; R¹⁶ isselected hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl,C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; R¹⁷is hydrogen or is one of optionally R²⁰-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹⁸ is halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino,C₂-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl orN,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl; R¹⁹ is hydrogen or one of optionallyR²¹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkyl sulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN, or —NO₂; or isoptionally R²⁰-substituted phenyl or is optionally R²⁰-substitutedpyridyl; R²⁰ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, oroptionally R²²-substituted phenyl or optionally R²²-substituted pyridyl;R²¹ is halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, or —NO₂ or one of optionallysubstituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino,C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, orN,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl; R²² is halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN,—NO₂, —CH═N—O—CH₃, —C(CH₃)—N—O—CH₃, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl, C₂-C₃-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino,C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, orN,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl; or L, Q and R⁴, together with thecarbon atoms to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered ring which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atomsand/or 0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1 wherein R¹ is hydrogen or one of optionallysubstituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl; A₁ isCR² or nitrogen, A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen, A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen, and A₄ isCR⁵ or nitrogen, wherein at most three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄are nitrogen at the same time, and wherein R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵,independently of one another, are hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,N,N-di(C₂-C₆)-alkylamino, N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl,N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl or C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, provided: ifnone of the groups A₂ and A₃ is nitrogen, then R³ and R⁴, together withthe carbon to which they are bonded, can form a 5- or 6-membered ringwhich comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0 or 1 oxygen atomand/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, or if none of the groups A₁ and A₂ isnitrogen, then R² and R³, together with the carbon to which they arebonded, can form a 6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogenatoms; U is a group C(═W), SO or SO₂; W is oxygen or sulphur; L is abivalent chemical group which is —NHC(═W)—, —NR⁶C(═W)—, —CH₂NHC(═W)—,—CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—, —C(═W)NH—, —C(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)NHCH₂—, —C(═W)NR⁶CH₂—,—CH₂NHC(═W)NH—, —CH₂NHC(═W)NR⁶—, —NH(C═W)NH—, —NH(═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—,—NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—,—C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—, —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—, —Si—, —O—, —S(O)_(p)—, —CH₂—S(O)_(p)—, —SO(═N—CN)—,—S(═N—CN)—, or —C(═W)NHSO₂—; p is 0, 1 or 2; R⁶ is hydrogen or one ofoptionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, orC₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; m is 0 or 1; Q is hydrogen or one of optionallysubstituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl,C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl,C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyd, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl,C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, is formyl, hydroxy, halogen,cyano, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, OR⁷ or NR⁶R⁸; R⁷ isone of optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R⁸ is hydrogen or one of optionallyR⁹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R⁹ ishydrogen or one of optionally R¹⁰-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, —CN, or—NO₂; T is a radical (T-1) to (T-90) which may be optionallyZ-polysubstituted:

where G is oxygen, sulphur or Z-substituted nitrogen, n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or4; Z is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro or one of optionally substitutedgroups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl, C₁-C₄-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, —CN, —NO₂,—S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —S(O)_(p)R¹⁵, or —S(O)(═NR¹⁶)R¹⁷ or is optionallyR¹⁸-substituted phenyl or optionally R¹⁸-substituted pyridinyl; R¹³ ishydrogen or one of optionally substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl orC₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; R¹⁴ is hydrogen or one of optionallyR¹⁹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹⁵ isone of optionally R²⁰-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkylC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, or C₁-C₄-haloalkyl; R¹⁶ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl orC₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; R¹⁷ is hydrogen, or one of optionallyR²⁰-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; R¹⁸ ishalogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino,C₂-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl orN,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl; R¹⁹ is hydrogen, or one of optionallyR²¹-substituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkyl sulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl sulphonyl, —CN, —NO₂, optionallyR¹⁹-substituted phenyl or optionally R¹⁹-substituted pyridyl; R²⁰ ishalogen, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl,C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, or C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl; or is optionallyR²²-substituted phenyl or optionally R²²-substituted pyridyl; R²¹ ishalogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂; or R¹ is C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino, C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, or N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl, all ofwhich are optionally substituted; R²² is halogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH,—CN—NO₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy,C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkyl sulphinyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylamino,C₂-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, orN,N-di(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl; or L, Q and R⁴, together with thecarbon atoms to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered ring which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atomsand/or 0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 2 wherein R¹ is hydrogen or one of the optionallysubstituted groups C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkylene, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl; A₁ isCR² or nitrogen, A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen, A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen and A₄ isCR⁵ or nitrogen, wherein at most three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄are nitrogen at the same time, and wherein R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵,independently of one another, are hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₆-alkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkylsulphonyl,N—C₂-C₇-alkylaminocarbonyl, or N—C₂-C₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl,provided: if none of the groups A₂ and A₃ is nitrogen, then R³ and R⁴,together with the carbon to which they are bonded attached, can form a5- or 6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and/or 0or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom, or if none of the groups A₁and A₂ is nitrogen, then R² and R³, together with the carbon to whichthey are bonded, can form a 6-membered ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2nitrogen atoms; U is a group C(═W), SO or SO₂; W is oxygen or sulphur; Lis a bivalent chemical group which is —CH₂NHC(═W)—, —CH₂NR⁶C(═W)—,—C(═W)NH, —C(═W)NR⁶—, —NH(C═W)NH—, —NH(C═W)NR⁶—, —NR⁶(C═W)NH—,—NR⁶(═W)NR⁶—, —C(═W)—, —C(═W)O—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NR⁶—,—C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NHC(═W)NH—, —C(═W)OCH₂C(═W)NH—, —O—, —S(O)_(p)—, and—CH₂—S(O)_(p)—, —SO(═N—CN)—, —S(═N—CN)—, or —C(═W)NHSO₂, p is 0, 1 or 2and R⁶ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl, or C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; mis 0 or 1; Q is hydrogen or one of optionally substituted groupsC₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,cyano-C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₅-heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy,C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkylcarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkylaldehyde, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, cyano, aryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,or is a group NR⁶R⁸, where R⁸ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇-alkylcycloalkyl orC₄-C₇-cycloalkylalkyl; T is one of optionally Z-mono- or-polysubstituted heterocycles (T-5), (T-7), (T-9), (T-10), (T-12),(T-13), (T-15), (T-16), (T-19), (T-20), (T-23), (T-26), (T-28), (T-29),(T-34), (T-35), (T-36), (T-30), (T-33), (T-37), (T-46), (T-51), (T-52),or (T-53), where n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Z is hydrogen, chlorine,bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro or one of optionally substituted groupsC₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkenyl, C₁-C₄-alkynyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl,C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy,C₁-C₄-alkylthio, C₁-C₄-haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphinyl,C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphonyl, or N,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino, or is optionallyR¹⁸-substituted phenyl or optionally R¹⁸-substituted pyridinyl; R¹⁸ ishalogen, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CN, —NO₂, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl,C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkylthio, C₁-C₄-haloalkylthio,C₁-C₄-alkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphinyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulphonyl,C₁-C₄-haloalkylsulphonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, N,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino,C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylaminocarbonyl orN,N-di(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl; or L, Q and R⁴, together with thecarbon atoms to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered ring which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atomsand/or 0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.
 4. The methodaccording to claim 3 wherein R¹ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butynyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methylcarbonyl,ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, allyl, propargyl, isopropylcarbonyl,sec-butylcarbonyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl,tert-butoxycarbonyl, cyanomethyl, or 2-cyanoethyl; A₁ is CR² ornitrogen, A₂ is CR³ or nitrogen, A₃ is CR⁴ or nitrogen and A₄ is CR⁵ ornitrogen, wherein at most three of the chemical groups A₁ to A₄ arenitrogen at the same time, and where R² and R⁵, independently of oneanother, are hydrogen, methyl, fluorine and chlorine and R³ and R⁴,independently of one another, are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,CN, NO₂, methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy,fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy,dichlorofluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy,2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, methylsulphonyl,methylsulphinyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphinyl orN-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl; U is C(═W), W is oxygen, L is a bivalentchemical group which is —C(═O)NH, —C(═O)NR⁶, —C(═O)O—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)—,—C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NR⁶—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NHC(═O)NH—, —C(═O)OCH₂C(═O)NH—, or—C(═W)NHSO₂—, where R⁶ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl,propoxymethyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl,isopropylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, tert-butylcarbonyl,methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl,sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, cyanomethyl, or 2-cyanoethyl; mis 1; Q is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl,1,1-dimethylethyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl,hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl,2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,1-trifluoromethylethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-fluoropropyl,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl,bis(cyclopropyl)methyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropylmethyl,2-phenylcyclopropyl, 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl, trans-2-chlorocyclopropyl,cis-2-chlorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl,trans-2-fluorocyclopropyl, cis-2-fluorocyclopropyl,trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, prop-2-enyl,2-methylprop-2-enyl, prop-2-ynyl, 1,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl,3-chloroprop-2-enyl, 3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyl,3,3-dichloro-1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl, oxetan-3-yl, isoxazol-3-ylmethyl,1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethyl, 3-methyloxetan-3-ylmethyl, benzyl,2,6-difluorophenylmethyl, 3-fluorophenylmethyl, 2-fluorophenylmethyl,2,5-difluorophenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 4-chlorophenylethyl,2-trifluoromethylphenylethyl, 1-pyridin-2-ylethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl,5-fluoropyridin-2-ylmethyl, pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl, methoxy,2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methylsulphanyl)ethyl,1-methyl-2-(ethylsulphanyl)ethyl,2-methyl-1-(methylsulphanyl)propan-2-yl, methoxycarbonyl,methoxycarbonylmethyl, NH₂, N-ethylamino, N-allylamino,N,N-dimethylamino, or N,N-diethylamino; T is one of optionallyZ-polysubstituted heterocycles (T-12), (T-13), (T-15), (T-16), (T-19),(T-20), (T-23), (T-26), (T-30), (T-33), (T-37), (T-46), (T-51), (T-52),or (T-53); n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine,iodine, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl,ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl,chlorodifluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,chloromethyl, bromomethyl, 1-fluoro ethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl,2-fluoro ethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl,2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl,pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoro-tert-butyl, heptafluoro-n-propyl,heptafluoro-isopropyl, nonafluoro-n-butyl,trifluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxydifluoromethyl,trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulphinyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl,methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1-trifluoromethylethoxy,3,3,3,2,2-pentafluoropropoxy, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorphenyl,4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,2,2-difluoro-1-methylcyclopropyl, phenyl, methoxymethyl,cyclopropyl(fluoro)methyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,2-chlorophenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, or(1,1,1,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)oxy; or L, Q and R⁴, together with thecarbon atoms to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered ring which optionally comprises 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atomsand/or 0 or 1 oxygen atom and/or 0 or 1 sulphur atom.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 2 wherein the compound of formula (I) is a compoundof formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij),(Ik), (Il), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It), (Iu) or(Iv):

where the groups and substituents A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, U and R¹ are definedin claim 2, and Z¹, Z² and Z³, in each case independently, are definedin claim
 2. 6-14. (canceled)
 15. The method according to claim 1 whereinsaid animal pest is an insect, arachnid, or nematode.
 16. A medicamentcomprising a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If),(Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It),(Iu), or (Iv) according to claim
 5. 17. A pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If),(Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It),(Iu), or (Iv) according to claim
 5. 18. A crop protection compositioncomprising a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If),(Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It),(Iu), or (Iv) according to claim 5, and extenders and/or surface-activesubstances.
 19. A method of controlling a pest comprising allowing acompound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih),(Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It), (Iu), or(Iv) according to claim 5, to act on said pest or a habitat thereof. 20.A method of protecting propagation material of plants comprisingcontacting a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If),(Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is), (It),(Iu), or (Iv) according to claim 5, with said propagation material. 21.The method according to claim 20 wherein said propagation material isseed material.
 22. A process of preparing a crop protection compositioncomprising mixing the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie),(If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is),(It), (Iu), or (Iv) according to claim 5, with extenders and/orsurface-active substances.
 23. A process of preparing a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising mixing the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic),(Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ii), (Ij), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq),(Ir), (Is), (It), (Iu), or (Iv) according to claim 5, with apharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or auxiliary.